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Formed in 1913 by Carl G. Fisher, Frank A. Seiberling, and Henry B. Joy, the Lincoln Highway Association was made up of representatives from the automobile, tire, and cement industries. The Association aimed to plan, fund, construct, and promote the first transcontinental highway in North America. The route ran from New York to San Francisco, and covered approximately 3,400 miles. The Detroit headquarters of the Association closed in 1928. This collection contains: correspondence, particularly between members of the Association and government officials; meeting minutes; reports, bulletins, and newsletters published by the Association; motorist maps of the route; and annotated editions of The Complete Official Road Guide of the Lincoln Highway. Photographs from the Lincoln Highway Association Records have been digitized and are accessible online at the Lincoln Highway Digital Image Collection (http://quod.lib.umich.edu/l/linchigh). The Digital Image Collection contains over 3,000 images including views of construction underway, towns and cities, markers, bridges, cars, camp sites, scenic views, and snapshots of Association directors and field secretaries traveling the route.

The Lincoln Highway Association Records date from 1911 to 1993 with the bulk of materials concentrated before 1930. The records are divided into five series: Official Business (1912-1941), Correspondence (1912-1929), Planning (1914-1940), Publicity (1911-1993), Publications (1915-1935), Jens Jensen Drawings (1922-1924) and Miscellaneous.

The Lincoln Highway Association archive was donated to the University of Michigan's Transportation Library in 1937. The archive was transferred to the Special Collections Library in 1992.

Communication was frequent between members of the Association as well as with officials from towns, counties, states, and the federal government. Correspondence and meeting minutes make up an important part of the collection. The Association published reports, bulletins, and newsletters to keep board members and the public aware of the Highway's progress. Maps of the driving route along with mileages were provided for motorists for navigation as were five editions of The Complete Official Road Guide of the Lincoln Highway .

Photographs from the Lincoln Highway Association Records have been digitized and are accessible online at the Lincoln Highway Digital Image Collection (http://quod.lib.umich.edu/l/linchigh). The Digital Image Collection contains over 3,000 images including views of construction underway, towns and cities, markers, bridges, cars, camp sites, scenic views, and snapshots of Association directors and field secretaries traveling the route.

Professor of economics and director of the Center for Chinese Studies at the University of Michigan, and consultant on China to the U. S. Department of State. China files relating to the Chinese economy and to the reopening of relations with the Peoples Republic of China; also correspondence and talk files; papers and photographs relating to professional travels; writings; and miscellaneous University and Vietnam subject files.

The papers of Alexander Eckstein consist of 10.3 linear feet of material. The collection most heavily documents the last twenty-five years of Eckstein's life, roughly the years 1960-1976, although there is some earlier material dating back to World War II. The papers deal almost exclusively with his professional life; there is very little of a personal nature included. Furthermore, the bulk of the collection concerns primarily his work and interest in China, although the section of his writings does contain material on Eastern Europe and the Soviet Union. The papers portray Eckstein the scholar rather than Eckstein the professor. For instance there are no materials relating to his term as Director of the China Center at the University of Michigan or to the Chinese Economic Studies project which he directed. The collection is divided into the following major series: Personal, China, Personal Correspondence, Talks, Trips, University of Michigan, Vietnam, Writings, Sound Recordings, and Photographs.

The collection contains biographical information, correspondence, photographs, reports, speeches, subject files, memorabilia, plaques, index card, and oversized materials of President Anspach.

The collection is divided into the following series: Biographical Information (2 cubic ft.), 1912, 2001, undated, including: obituaries (copies), his doctoral dissertation and thesis, certificates, citations, diaries, 1932-1958 (scattered) and 1960-1973, honorary degrees, inauguration materials, scrapbooks, 1948-1959, testimonials and tributes, and his Last Will and Testament, 1977; Correspondence (approximately 1 cubic ft.), 1932-1977, with various individuals, organizations, colleges, boards, and programs; Meeting Minutes (1.5 cubic ft.), 1939-1973, for various CMU departments, committees, and other organizations, councils, and programs; Photographs and Photograph Albums (1.25 cubic ft.), 1941, 1943, 1949-1968, 1971, undated; Reports (approximately 1 cubic ft.), 1937-1941, 1943-1959, 1964, 1970, undated, from CMU departments and committees, and other organizations, councils, and committees; Speeches (4.5 cubic ft.), on a plethora of topics, including speeches recorded on paper, 1929-1976, undated, speeches recorded on reel-to-reel tapes, 1958, 1967, 1971-1973, undated, and programs of speeches given by President Anspach, 1940-1973, undated; Subject Files (4.25 cubic ft.) for a wide variety of CMU organizations, committees, events, a plethora of issues, Michigan and national organizations, councils, boards, and issues of concern to President Anspach, 1931-1977, 1979-1982, undated; Miscellaneous Materials (Memorabilia) (2 cubic ft.) including a wide variety of Masonic, Boy Scout, and CMU memorabilia, such as: Masonic plate; CMU miniature cigarette lighter; Masonic penny; Masonic aprons; Medals; CMU Paperweights (2); numerous Pins; Shriner’s (Masonic) Caps; a gavel; and miscellaneous, 1948, 1950, 1963-1974, undated; and Plaques (.5 cubic ft.), 1959, 1964, 1969, 1972-1973, undated, and a Boy Scouts statue, 1943-1945; and Index Cards (1 cubic ft.) to Articles and Photographs of Anspach in CMU’s school newspapers, CSLife, later CMLife, 1939-1959. Oversized Materials (approximately 4 cubic ft.), including photographs and photograph albums, 1905-1972 (scattered), undated, certificates, 1946-1976 (scattered), undated, diplomas, 1920, 1923, a resolution, 1967, posters, undated, a guest book, 1939, and miscellaneous, are housed in three flat boxes

The collection extensively documents President Anspach’s life and activities during his tenure as President of CMU. His activities in peace and religiously oriented organizations, with children’s organizations and causes, the Boy Scouts, Masons, and various educational organizations and issues are well documented. His personal life at Ashland College, CMU, and after his retirement from CMU are documented to a lesser degree in the collection.

Edwin Franko Goldman (1878-1956) was an American composer and conductor for military bands. Collection, assembled by Goldman, of autographs, letters, photographs, and musical scores of many musical celebrities from his lifetime and before.

The Edwin Franko Goldman Autograph Collection consists of two series: Background Materials and Autographed Photographs and Manuscripts. The collection contains autographs, letters, photographs, and musical scores of such notable musical celebrities as Antonin Dvorák, George Gershwin, Franz Liszt, Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart, John Philip Sousa, Johann Strauss, and Igor Stravinsky.

Papers include copies and transcriptions of correspondence, articles, and biographical materials. Note: A users copy is available for researchers to use.

The collection consists of photocopies and transcriptions of correspondence to and from Watson, copies of articles he wrote and published, copies of Strangite Mormon articles he reprinted, and copies of his biographical information.

Some correspondence is with family and friends, including his daughter, Grace, and his grandchildren. Other correspondence is with two of Strang’s widows, Betsy (Elizabeth) and Elvira and three of Strang’s sons, Charles J., Gabriel, and Clement J. Strang. There is also correspondence with major Strangite Mormons, such as Lorenzo Dow (L. D.) Hickey, publisher Edward Couch, and Joseph Smith III, leader of the Reorganized Church. The correspondence mainly discusses Strangite beliefs, activities, and history.

For further information see related collections such as Lorenzo D. Hickey Papers, Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-Day Saints (Strangite) Collection and Miscellaneous collection, or numerous books on Mormons and Strangites at the Clarke Historical Library.

Note: A users copy is available for researchers to use.

Central Michigan University Communications (UComm) Collection, 1946, 2018, and undated

The Collection, 1946, 2018, and undated, 184 cubic foot (in 193 boxes, 1 Oversized folder) and an additional 1.2 TB of digital data beyond the digital content in the boxes, includes thirty-five series and subseries of publications and audiovisual materials, created and collected by Central Michigan University (CMU) University Communications (UComm) and its predecessor organizations. This is one of multiple donations/transfers of materials from UComm and its predecessor organizations to the Clarke. The collection is incomplete and ongoing and in good physical condition. Arrangement is by the original order of each series, which varies from one series to another.

The collection document CMU students, faculty, staff, administrators, alumni, campus, events and organizations. The original names and order for each series, which varies from one series to another, was retained as much as possible, with slight modifications to assist the researcher. Formats in the collection include: paper newsletters and inventories, note cards, negatives, photographs, some of which are on foamcor board or matted, proof, contact or galley sheets, digital images on CDs and prints of digital images, color slides, and video recordings on BetacamSP, Ampex UMaticSP microcassettes, VHS videotapes, and DVDs. Many series are a mixture of paper, photographic and digital formats. The workstation uses multiple digital software formats including microworkbk, .tif, .gif, and .mov. The DVDs include .mov or quicktime files, can be accessed using a DVD player and VLC media player software. CDs include .tif, .gif, and .jpg files. There is a microcassette recorder to access the microcassettes.

The boxes in each series, listed below, are not all physically shelved in order or next to each other due to how they were moved into the Clarke from UComm. They are listed in the Box and Folder Listing in the order in which they are shelved.

Series Description:

CDs/DVDs. This series, 1 cubic foot (1 box), 2003, 2011 and undated, is completely CDs and DVDs. They were originally packed together in multiple box lids. The series is color images or recordings of CMU people, places and events. The series is organized in chronologically by year and then alphabetically by description. Undated CDs/DVDs are at the end of the box, in alphabetical order by description. The DVDs throughout the collection can be accessed using a DVD player and VLC media player software, some use .mov or quicktime files. CDs include .tif, .gif, and .jpg files.

CMU News This series, 5 cubic feet, 2003-2005, is a CMU. UComm newsletter, which continues its predecessor series, News. CMU News series is organized by publication number and date. Boxes 60-63.

Digital Image Database Lists. This series, .5 cubic foot (in 1 box) includes 4 folders of database lists, 1997-2012. Box #191. These lists do not seem to match the digital information in the collection on DVD/CDs/ or in the workstation. It likely matches digital information retained in 2020 by UComm.

Faculty News Releases. Faculty News Releases. This series, 4 cubic feet, undated, is mostly news released by CMU and other sources about CMU faculty with a few folders of prominent CMU graduates and organizations. It is organized roughly alphabetically by surname. While materials inside folders are dated, the folders are undated. Boxes 49-52.

Headshots/Mugshots. There are three subseries to this series: Historic mugshots, small headshots and outdated headshots or individual portraits of CMU faculty, emeritus faculty, staff, sometimes including department name, and some CMU students or non-CMU speakers, Michigan people, or CMU topics, there is sometimes description such as valedictorian and homecoming queen and a year. They total 11 cubic feet, 1950s-1970s, and undated.

Historic mugshots. This series, 2 cubic feet, 1950s-1970s, and undated. Most photographs are black and white, 4x5 inches or smaller. Mug shots are often in individual original envelopes, although some envelopes include multiple images. They are organized alphabetically by surname or topic. (See also its descendant series, small headshots.) While materials inside folders may be dated, some folders are undated. Boxes 16 and 79.

Headshots, outdated. This series, 4 cubic feet, undated, is the first subseries continuing Historic Mugshots. It is organized alphabetically by surname or topic. As headshots became outdated, they were sorted into this series, while current headshots became the Small headshots series. While materials inside folders may be dated, the folders are undated. Boxes 93-96.

Small headshots. This series, 5 cubic feet, undated, is the more current Headshots images. It is a continuation of Historic mugshots and Headshots, but most of the images are smaller than those found in the earlier subseries. It is organized alphabetically by surname or topic. While materials inside folders may be dated, the folders are undated. Boxes 87-91. Box 91 also includes some Miscellaneous.

Information Services News. This series, 6 cubic feet, 1979-1997, is a newsletter which was published by UComm’s predecessor unit, CMU. Information Services. It is organized by publication number and chronologically by year. Boxes 42-47.

Microcassettes. This series includes 1 cubic foot (1 box) of Ampex UMaticSP microcassettes, 1998, 2016. They are packed into three box lids within the box, and organized in numerical order according to their labels, which is mostly chronological. The few without description are dated and are located at the end of the Box Lid #3. Only microcassette #740 has a partially illegible description. The series is color recordings of CMU people, places and events. The microcassettes can be viewed by inserting them into a microcassette recorder in the Clarke and viewing the recording in its monitor screen.

Miscellaneous and Mixed Photographs. This series, 9 cubic feet, 1991-2008, and undated, 6 boxes and 1 Oversized folder. This series includes photographs, negatives and prints, some mounted on foamcor board, and some headshots, including black and white, color, all mixed together in the boxes, and digital images and prints from digital images. Box 74 is mostly digital prints. Sometimes UComm called them Miscellaneous Photos (Photographs) and sometimes Mixed Photos (Photographs). Some of the boxes are in their original order, which is neither alphabetical nor chronological, while other boxes are organized alphabetically into broad CMU topics. Boxes 19, 21, 72-74, 91. Box 91 also includes some Miscellaneous). See also CDs/DVDs series. Also included here is 1 Oversized folder of color, matted photographs, 1980s, 2001-2018, and undated, which measure 26x18 inches on foamcor board, dated by the photographer, Peggy Brisbane.

Mixed Files. This series, 5 cubic feet, 1965-1967, 1980s, but mostly undated, is a mixture of paper and photographic materials on various CMU topics. It is organized alphabetically into broad CMU topics. There is some overlap in Boxes 75-76. While materials inside folders may be dated, the folders are mostly undated. Boxes 75-78, 124.

Name Cards. This series, approximately 2 cubic feet, undated, in five 5x7 inch note card boxes. The note cards are organized alphabetically by surname, except for the last part of W-Z was filed at the end of the M box due to space issues. There is usually one card for each CMU person in the series. Each card documents each time a person was featured in some type of news release from CMU or other sources, such as Michigan or out-of-state newspapers, and the name and date of the source. A small number of people often featured in the news have multiple cards.

Negatives: This series, 74 cubic feet, 1946, 2012, and undated, includes boxes full or almost completely full of negatives in original sleeves. The negatives are mostly organized chronologically by year with negatives in numerical order. There are some gaps in the series. Some negatives are one per sleeve, several per sleeve. Strips of negatives are in various negative sleeves. Information on the sleeve may include any or all of the following: date, negative number, strip number, or either a name or description of a CMU person, organization, building, location or event. Boxes 109-118, 125-188 Box 109 also includes one CD of images, 2005-2012. Box 184 has CDs, 2000.

News. This series, 7 cubic feet, 1983-1985 2010, mostly undated, is copies of a CMU UComm newsletter, organized rougly alphabetically into broad CMU topics. Folder are undated. This is a subseries of the series News by Publication Number/Date (see that series description). News was continued by CMU News (a CMU newsletter, see also that series description). Boxes 40-41, 48, 53-55, 57.

News by Publication Number/Date. This series, 3 cubic feet, 1997-2003, is the same CMU newsletter, but is organized by publication number and date. For anyone researching major CMU events and news in a specific time period this is a good series in which to begin your research. Boxes 56, 58-59. Some copies of News were organized into a series organized alphabetically by topic. See also the News series.

News [of] CMU Board of Trustees [Members]. This series, .25 cubic foot, undated [1970-2014], is mostly news documenting some of the CMU Board of Trustees Members who served between 1970 and 2014. There is also one folder labeled CMU Information and one folder each for Kevin Dambrot, men’s basketball coach 1991-1999, and Donita Daventport, winning women’s basketball coach 1984-1996, and Kevin F. Kelly, who was neither a member of the Board nor a CMU faculty or staff member. The folders are undated. The news in the folders was created by CMU and other sources and UComm collected it. UComm probably used the series as both an ongoing current and historical research file. The series is organized in original order, which is neither in alphabetical nor chronological order, and labeling was not systematic. The order of names and abbreviations used on folder labels varies. Matyn researched when the people were active on the Board or at CMU, and added dates in the Box and Folder Listing in square brackets. Box 67.

News of Faculty. This series, 2 cubic feet, undated [1940s-1990s] is news by CMU and other sources mainly about CMU faculty members, administrators, and some topical subjects, that UComm collected. It is roughly organized alphabetically by surname. The order of names and abbreviations used on folder labels varies. The folders are undated. Boxes 64-65.

News of Faculty, Retired. This series, 1 cubic foot, undated [1940s-1990s], is news by CMU and other sources mainly about retired CMU faculty members and a few administrators, that UComm collected. It is organized alphabetically by surname. A number of people for whom CMU buildings are or were named are included in this series. The only president included is Grawn. Folders are undated. Box 66.

The New Releases series, 5 cubic feet, 1986, undated, is a UComm newsletter organized alphabetically in broad CMU topics, such as Football, Graduate Studies, and Parking. It does not include the names of CMU people. While materials inside folders are dated, the folders are undated, except for Flood of ‘86. Boxes 97-101. Some News Releases were organized into a subseries, New Releases Faculty. See also the New Releases Faculty subseries.

Proof, Contact or Galley Sheets series, 9 cubic feet, 1946, 2010, and undated, includes proof, contact or galley sheets and some photographs, both black and white and color, in various formats mixed together in folders. Galley sheets are a page with multiple images from the negatives. Photographers reviewed these, usually circling in red crayon which images were worth printing. Sometimes they would also draw a red X through images that were not worth printing. The series is organized alphabetically by mostly broad CMU topics and most of the proof, contact or galley sheets each measure 8.5x11 inches. Boxes 15, 17, 80-86.

Slides. This series, 12 cubic feet, 1970, 1989, 1997-2012, mostly undated, includes boxes which were entirely or mostly filled with color slides of CMU, but may contain some other photographic materials. The slides are in original order and are organized variously, alphabetically by broad or specific CMU topic, in slide carousels, slide storage pages, folders or boxes. Boxes 189-190 were originally in a wooden drawer and were rehoused in two archival slide boxes. Occasionally, a few slides are also mixed in with other series. Boxes 14, 20, 68-71, 92, 102-103, 107-108, 189-190.

The Videotapes series, 31 cubic feet, 1991-2007 and undated and digital videos, 1.2 TB, 2012-2016 includes. three subseries of color videotape recordings documenting a wide variety of CMU people and events. Some of the videotapes were edited for broadcasting, while others are informal and unedited, or partially edited, with or without music, CMU logos, or credits. The two main physical subseries are Videotapes, Videotape masters (master recordings) and Videotapes (not masters). The then videographer, Adam Miedmia, was in the midst of a project to transfer videotapes onto DVDs when the collection was transferred to the Clarke. The vast majority of these Videotapes are BetacamSP format Masters, but there are some Ampex UMaticSP videotapes (measures 5.2x8.5 inches) and VHS videotapes. Both of these subseries are in numerical order by tape number, the original order in which they were transferred to the Clarke. Videotape dates are either when they were recorded or broadcasted on television, if they were broadcasted. The dates and topic for both series overlap. There are gaps in the numerical sequences and dates, and there are some unlabeled videos.

Videotape masters. This series, 11 cubic feet, 1991-2007 and undated, is the master videotapes. Boxes 1-11.

Videotapes. This series, 20 cubic feet, 1997-2007 and undated, is the non-master videotapes. Boxes 12-13, 22-39.

The last, most modern subseries of videos is Digital Videos, 1.2 TB images (with images), 2012-2016, were originally stored on the MAC Pro harddrive, but are now stored on a Clarke server labeled UComm.

The last series is the Workstation MAC DOS digital information. The following related equipment was also transferred to the Clarke by UComm: Pioneer DVD player and two parts of Sony BetacamSP Deck for video editing; and a MAC Pro with 1 harddrive containing 1.2 TB images and Videotapes, 2012-2016, a series now stored on a Clarke server labeled UComm. Please Note: A careful review found that the digital information stored on the workstation, harddrive and CDs/DVDs in the collection indicates that the vast majority are NOT duplicated in other series in this collection, nor does the workstation digital information match the database inventory lists. The workstation uses multiple digital software formats including microworkbk, .tif, .gif, and .mov. The Workstation includes the following nine digital subseries:

Workstation subseries 1: B Roll Inventory, 2000-2009, 176 KB, in microworkbk format (Note: this is larger than the Master Tape Inventory.)

Workstation subseries 2: Logging, 2007, 29 KB, is a topical list, in microworkbk format, of Videotapes consecutively #377-497 of various topics, 2004-2005. Note: BetaSP #377-419, 2004, are found in Boxes 35-37. BetaSP#420-497 are not in this collection.

Workstation subseries 3: Tape Inventory Masters, 2007, see attached list, 111KB, in microwkbk format, list of Tapes #1-690 description may include year, running time, general category Ex. Events, Sports, a printed copy of this list was in the first video box.

Workstation subseries 4: VideoBRoll.Doc, 2007, 33KB, micro…unit is a list identified on the Workstation as minority tapes from #2-139 (very scattered). The description may include year, 1997-2001, and running time. These minority tapes numbers and dates are not found (duplicated) in the collection on either DVDs or physical videotapes.

Workstation subseries 5: 2013 Masters, which, when opened, is dated January-September 2016. This subseries includes one folder/month for January-September 2016, each of which includes 1-5 Videotape movie formats. Ex. 1 video is 1 hr 31 mins, another is 2 hrs running time. No total storage is given.

Workstation subseries 6: Test footage football honors event 13 seconds in movie format, no year. No total storage is given.

Workstation subseries 7: Images 4,256 in .gif, .tif files. No total storage is given.

Workstation subseries 8: Movies 254, 2006-2009, some are CMU Videotapes, others are generic for editing purposes, formats are diverse. No total storage is given.

Workstation subseries 9: Documents “more than 10,000,” formats vary.

Related collections:

Researchers may also be interested in several collections in the Clarke from UComm’s predecessor units, CMU. Information Services and PRM. Please see the finding aids and catalog records for these collections. All of these collections consist of output (images and publications). None of the inner workings of the unit, for example meeting minutes of UComm staff, planning or project files or unit annual reports are in these collections. Also, the CMU Photographs (stored in vertical filing cabinets by the CMU Vertical Files), which were donated to the Clarke prior to 1996, originally came from Public Relations and Marketing and include images from Information Services. CMU Photographs is not cataloged, but an inventory is available to assist researchers.

Digitized newsletters:

Researchers may also be interested in UComm’s various newsletters, with their different names and formats over time, which were scanned as a separate project by the Clarke staff in 2019 and are available in 2020 on the Clarke’s digital collections website.

Processing Notes:

The Move and its impact on processing: The collection was transferred from UComm to Clarke February 10, 2016, suddenly, unexpectedly, very quickly and without advanced warning. This situation led to complications with the move and processing the collection. At UComm, the majority of the physical collection had been stored in hanging folders in filing cabinets and other, variously sized cabinets and assorted containers. To decrease their weight during the move, the movers shifted materials from some of drawers into large, portable moving tubs, destroying the original series order for the collection. The materials filled the entire back hall of the Clarke when they arrived.

Boxing: Matyn and her students, notably Suli Albinhamad and Cassie Olson, among others quickly boxed the collection from the filing cabinets and moving tubs into acid free cubic foot boxes, noting original order when possible. The last third of the collection was the most disorganized and is in the best order it could be restored to in a timely fashion. It was decided by Matyn and Director Frank Boles in February 2016 to reestablish box order through the finding aid and not reorganize boxes on the shelves.

Inventory: An inventory began March 4, 2016, which continued through March 2020 as archival students were available. Matyn and the following students inventoried the collection and typed the inventory: Lindsey Rogers, Brad Davis, Clarissa Klein, Haley Schleicher, and Michael Watts, who notably typed the majority of the inventory.

Rehousing: Due to the estimated substantial cost of archivally rehousing this large a collection, specifically the audiovisual materials, the decision was made by Director F. Boles and Archivist Marian Matyn in February 2016 not to rehouse the collection in acid-free folders or audiovisual archival housing. The only exception for this was slides which were stored in a wooden drawer and were rehoused in archival slide boxes #189-1990. Most of the physical collection is in hanging files in archival boxes. Negatives and slides are in their original containers.

Labeling: Most of the physical materials in the collection were originally labeled variously. Some materials are undated, and the use of acronyms, partial names, or abbreviations is common and varies throughout the collection. When necessary and if possible, Matyn added additional information to the Box and Folder Listing to aid the researcher. Labels were created by Matyn for unlabeled folders. When labels had fallen into the body of the folder, they were found and written on the folder or container. In a few cases, parts of labels or description were illegible. When title/label and description did not match, additional description, when possible, was added to assist the researcher.

Abbreviations, acronyms, and slang: Abbreviations, acronyms, or slang have been written out to assist researchers if their meaning was known. CMU acronyms that are now no longer commonly known or used were written out by Matyn the first time the acronym appears in the Box and Folder List to assist researchers. When Matyn was unable to determine what an abbreviation meant, so the original abbreviation was retained in the Box and Folder Listing.

Withdrawn materials: 14 cubic feet of material was withdrawn during processing, including: duplicates, non-CMU information, particularly publications, newspapers and newspaper clippings for Michigan newspapers and CMU publications which are digitized, search committee information for commencement speakers, CDs with customers’ orders, and obsolete storage formats which were inaccessible.

Records of the Michigan Land Use Institute, a northern-Michigan based environmental and regional planning organization. The Institute uses local programming and local and statewide political lobbying to establish an approach to economic and physical development that strengthens communities, limits suburban sprawl, and protects Michigan’s natural resources. This record group contains correspondence, reports, conference papers, and publications related to the organization and its goals.

The Michigan land Use Institute Records contain materials dating from the Institute's inception in 1995 through 2006 and originating from a number of different offices and administrative units. The collection has been divided into five series, Legal, Library, Policy Files, Program Files, and Visual and Electronic Materials.

Justice Weaver’s papers, 1959, 2014, and undated, are the only complete records documenting the inner-workings of a Michigan Supreme Court Justice in a public archive. The collection includes multiple series listed below.

Justice Weaver’s papers are the only complete records documenting the inner-workings of a Michigan Supreme Court Justice in a public archive. These records are invaluable for documenting the process of how justices reach opinions about cases (a process kept secret until now). The papers also document the career and the increasingly negative relationships she experienced while a Michigan Supreme Court Justice. Justice Weaver documented all these main points very well and wanted her papers preserved and studied.

Series 1, processed by Jennifer Bentley, is the Court of Appeals series, 1984-1995, 21.5 cubic feet (in 44 boxes), within the Weaver Papers, includes court documentation and court publications created by Justice Weaver during her time as an Appellate Justice for the Michigan Supreme Court. Some boxes within the series share overlapping series content with other series in the collection. The entirety of the series is comprised of legal manuscripts and court publications, as well as personal notes within docket packets that Justice Weaver used to form later legal opinions for several cases. Many of the manuscripts within the Court of Appeals series are legal-size with half of the collection in letter-size formats.

For the bulk of this series each court case handled by Justice Weaver’s office is stapled in its own docket. Each Docket consistently includes: case syllabus, orders from lower courts, per curiam (unanimous agreements between the justices), case notes, and court generated summaries of the case. Occasionally, in more notable case dockets, court transcripts are also included.

Besides court dockets there are corresponding case call notes for each case. All newspaper clippings have been copied. Also within this series there are Michigan Supreme Court rotation schedules for the justices. Memorandums between court officials and the justices appear throughout the case call notes as well as within the dockets. Within the Court of Appeals series, there are two mini cassette tapes labeled as “case notes”.

Throughout the entire Justice Weaver collection there are Post-it notes with hand-written notes by Weaver. A few pages exhibiting the plethora of extant notes taken on a case have been preserved in-situ to illustrate Weaver’s growing dissent over her sixteen-year career with Michigan’s Supreme Court. All other substantive notes have been copied and then the originals were withdrawn from the collection.

Series 1 Processing Note: As noted above, all newspaper clippings have been copied. A few pages exhibiting the plethora of extant notes taken on a case have been preserved in-situ to illustrate Weaver’s growing dissent over her sixteen-year career with Michigan’s Supreme Court. All other substantive notes have been copied and then the originals were withdrawn from the collection. Less than .25 cubic foot of this series was withdrawn during processing.

Series 2, processed by Sulaiman Albinhamad, is the Per Curiam series. Per Curiam is defined as a decision (or opinion) ruling issued by an appellate court of multiple judges in which the decision rendered is made by the court or at least a majority of the court acting collectively and unanimously. Per Curiam is Latin for “by the Court”. Per Curiam rulings are issued in the name of the Court, rather than by individual judges or a judge. Typically, the Court deals with issues deemed non-controversial.

The Per Curiam series, 1995-2006, 14 cubic feet (in 28 boxes) within the Justice Elizabeth Weaver collection, includes personal unpublished notes of Justice Weaver and others during her time as Justice (January 1995- August 2010) and Chief Justice (January 1999-January 2001) for the Michigan Supreme Court. The manuscripts within this series are both letter-size and legal-size, but are filed in legal-size folders and boxes to keep related materials together. Per Curiam cases in this series include a range from civil cases to murders.

Each Per Curiam case folder usually includes (in this order): case Syllabus (which is blue in color); Order; Notes from meetings to review the material organized by date, either weekly or monthly, or from Justice Weaver to her staff; Memorandum; and Reports (which are green in color). Drafts and final versions of the Per Curiam are included.

There may be one to three different docket numbers in the same Per Curiam case folder/s. Some folders have materials, each with a different docket number, but the numbers are cited in the related Memorandum.

Series 2 Processing Note: .75 cubic foot of materials were removed from the series during processing, mostly duplicates and peripheral or reading materials not specific to the files.

Series 3 and 4 in this collection are Disqualifications of Judges, 1995-2009, and undated, and Fieger Articles and Dockets, 1994-2009, and undated, which originally were somewhat interfiled, were both also processed by Sulaiman Albinhamad

Disqualifications of Judges (DQs), 1995-2009, and undated, 2 cubic ft. (in 4 boxes), includes Administrative Memorandum, Administrative Orders, articles, case examples, dissents, notes, resolutions, and folders on specific judges.

Fieger Articles and Dockets, 1994-2009, and undated, 1.75 cubic ft. (in 4 boxes), includes articles (copies) about Attorney Geoffrey Fieger and information from Dockets cases in which he was involved or justices were biased against him. In court, Feiger pushed the limits of what was considered appropriate behavior and language by attorneys, which led to questions about which justices should be disqualified or recuse themselves from judging him or other attorneys and why. The rules for disqualification of justices were not written down or encoded, and when Judge Weaver pushed for that to happen, the other justices, after much discussion and writing, eventually all sided against her.

Geoffrey Nels Feiger (1950-) is a controversial American attorney based in Southfield, Michigan. His law practice focuses on personal injury, civil rights litigation and medical malpractice cases, but he is best known as Jack Kevorkian’s defense attorney in doctor-assisted suicide trials. He also ran unsuccessfully as a Democratic nominee for governor of Michigan in 1998.

During most of this time period, Elizabeth Weaver served as a Michigan Supreme Court Justice, 1995-2010. She served on the Michigan Court of Appeals, January 1987-January 1995.

(This information is from the collection and a Wikipedia article accessed May 11, 2017 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geoffrey_Fieger.)

Series 3 and 4 Processing Note: 4 cubic feet of copies and peripheral materials were withdrawn during processing.

Series 5, processed by Cassie Olson, is Michigan Supreme Court Campaign Materials, 1990, 1995 and undated,.75 cubic ft. (in 2 boxes), includes campaign materials such as: application materials, financial reports, speeches, endorsements, letters, itineraries, events, media plans, bumper stickers, Court of Appeal cases relevant to her campaign for the Michigan Supreme Court, and other, related materials.

This series documents Justice Elizabeth Weaver’s first campaign for the Michigan Supreme Court while serving as a judge on the Michigan Court of Appeals. Items of note include her decisions on Court of Appeals cases relevant to her campaign for Michigan Supreme Court, including Plummer v. Bechtel, Pulver v. Dundee Cement Company, Rodriguez v. General Motors Saginaw Steering Gear Division, Dedes v. South Lyon Community Schools, Paschke v. Retool Industries, and Chase v. Sabin. Weaver sought and received many unique endorsements from businesses, organizations and individuals such as Governor John Engler, Michigan State Medical Society, Michigan Police Legislative Coalition, National Black Women’s Caucus, the Korean Medical Association of Michigan and the Polish American Conference. Weaver ignored any materials sent by one organization – the Michigan Human Rights Campaign Committee – which supported lesbian and gay-friendly candidates.

Because this was the first year of her Supreme Court campaign and reelection materials, a sample of these materials was retained that will not be retained in the future, including sample ballots, acidic materials, event invitations, and sample letters.

Series 5 Processing Note: 8 cubic feet of copies, sensitive, and peripheral materials were withdrawn during processing. All acidic materials were copied and the copies were added to the collection.

Series 6, processed by Courtney Riggs, is the Hall of Justice Materials, 1997-2010, and undated, 4 cubic ft. (in 3 boxes, 1 Oversized folder) includes: newspaper articles, newsletters, financial reports, speeches, floor plans, dedication ceremony invitations, a plastic hard hat, and other, related materials.

This series documents Justice Elizabeth Weaver’s role in the planning of the Hall of Justice. Also included are her contributions to the Learning Center located in the Hall. Items of note include a personal note from Mary Stallings Coleman (1914-2001), the first woman elected to the Michigan Supreme Court, and a private conversation note containing information about a meeting that continued after Weaver left the room. Weaver, as Chief Justice from 1999 to 2001, oversaw the Advisory Committee and contributed to the Hall planning via floor plan changes, interior designs, etc. As The Learning Center was Justice Weaver’s idea, she oversaw these decisions with this as well (Box 1, folder 4). Albert Kahn Associates was the architecture firm and a variety of their architectural drawings are found in Oversided Folder 1.

Groundbreaking for the Hall occurred in 1999, in which Weaver participated by breaking ground and presenting a speech. When the Hall was completed in 2002, each Justice had the chance to prepare a letter to be placed into a time capsule. Although Weaver may have contributed greatly to the Hall, it seems that most of the other Justices did not approve of her involvement. The aforementioned side meeting and the unsuccessful attempt to name the Learning Center after her are indications of differences of opinion and perhaps a power struggle.

Series 6 Processing Note: 1 cubic foot of copies, reading materials, and peripheral materials was withdrawn during processing. Acidic newspaper clippings were copied and the copies were added to the collection.

Series 7, processed by Courtney Riggs, contains Brady v Attorney Grievance Commission (AGC) Materials, 2006 - 2010 and undated, .75 cubic ft. (in 2 boxes), including: case notes, a cassette, legal findings, a microcassette, news articles copies, a press release draft, and other, related materials.

This series documents Justice Elizabeth Weaver’s involvement in the Brady v AGC case. Also included are documents describing AO 2006-8, or what Weaver refers to as a “Gag Order” directed towards her, and information about the escalating tensions between the Justices. Items of note include Weaver’s notes on the Justices’ attitudes towards her (Box 1, folder 7) and the document indicating Justices Markman, Corrigan, and Young were against her (Box 1, folder 2).

The Brady v AGC case involves Paul Fischer, then Executive Director of the Judicial Tenure Commission, accusing Judge Steven Servaas of forfeiting his role as judge due to the moving of his office and inappropriate behavior towards staff. Brady, head lawyer on the case, represented Servaas. Weaver would ultimately disqualified herself on the case due to her disclosing information to her lawyer, who was also working on the case.

Also included is the Third Judicial Circuit Appeals Case. The impact of this case documents the split between Weaver and the rest of the Justices. Weaver was then found in contempt of court rules. It also documents the actions of Justice Mary Beth Kelly, who later served as Chief Justice for the 2009 – 2010 term. Included is a cassette documenting Justice Mary Kelly’s concerns and a microcassette of Justice Diane Hathaway’s conversation, most likely with Weaver herself. Of note are news articles regarding Justice Robert Young and a transcription of his racist comment (Box 2, folder 5).

It is unknown to the Archivist after processing (in 2018) why Justice Weaver talked to the lawyer. In Box 1, folder 7, there is indication that Weaver forgot the case was still open. Referencing Weaver’s book indicates that the other Justices wanted to get Weaver into trouble. In fact, Justice Weaver was advised to turn herself in to the Judicial Tenure Commission (Box 1, folder 2).

Justice Weaver’s book, Judicial Deceit: Tyranny and Unnecessary Secrecy at the Michigan Supreme Court, pages 648 – 656 was referenced for background information about AO-2006 and the Brady case.

Series 7 Processing Note: 1 cubic foot of copies and peripheral materials was withdrawn during processing. All acidic materials were copied and the copies were added to the collection.

Series 8, processed by Courtney Riggs, Wayne County v. Hathcock Materials, 2003-2005, .25 cubic foot (in 1 box) includes: a reference book, agendas, memorandums, news articles, notes, opinions and other, related materials.

This series documents Justice Elizabeth Weaver’s involvement in the Wayne v Hathcock County case. This case would come to overrule the 1972 case of Poletown Neighborhood Council v. City of Detroit, in which General Motors was allowed to take land from private owners. While Weaver initially agreed with the other Justices, she later changed her opinion, causing tension between Justices. The reference book included in the collection references what the Wayne County v Hathcock decision means to the public.

Series 8 Processing Note: .5 cubic foot (.5) of copies and peripheral materials was withdrawn during processing.

Series 9, processed by Courtney Riggs, Pellegrino v Ampco Materials, 2007-2010, undated, 1 cubic foot (in 2 boxes) includes: appeals, case notes, legal findings, and other, related materials.

This series documents Justice Elizabeth Weaver’s involvement in the Pellegrino v Ampco Systems case. Also included are documents describing the rules to disqualifying Justices from cases and information about the escalating tensions between the Justices. The Pellegrino case itself involves Anthony and Shirley Pellegrino’s involvement in a car accident driven by an Ampco employee. Shirley died in the crash, while Anthony was severely injured.

During the trial, Fieger represented Pellegrino. Fieger thought that Ampco should not be able to change jurors and thus, a Baston Challenge was called. Legally, the definition of a Baston Challenge is “an objection to the validity of a peremptory challenge, on grounds that the other party used it to exclude a potential juror based on race, ethnicity, or sex” (https://www.law.cornell.edu/wex/batson_challenge). The Challenge resulted in the Justices questioning if the Judge should be turned into the Judicial Tenure Commission. While most of the Justices agreed, Weaver dissented to this, as well as to the idea of disqualifying judges. Weaver’s actions, and that of the other Justices, resulted in high tensions.

Processing Note: .5 cubic foot of copies and peripheral materials was withdrawn during processing. All acidic materials were copied and the copies were added to the collection.

Series 10, processed by Courtney Riggs, Speeches, 1975-2010, undated, .75 cubic foot (in 2 boxes) includes: speeches in paper, CDs, and microcassette (if no paper speech copy was available), information about Weaver’s Central Michigan University (CMU) courses she taught and other, related materials.

This series documents Justice Elizabeth Weaver’s Speeches from 1975 to 2010. Enclosed are her speech duties as a Justice, which include performing investitures and swearing in other legal officials (Box 1, Folder 6). Weaver also gave such speeches as Court House Dedications, Boy Scouts, and special events, like the 100th Anniversary of the Juvenile Court (Box 1, Folder 3). Weaver also performed marriages during her career.

One Court House dedication Weaver performed was the Isabella County Courthouse Dedication Ceremony, which took place on September 6th, 2000 (Box 1, Folder 5).

Weaver taught two classes, Educational Administration: Introduction to School Law and Elementary Education/ Secondary Education: Law for Teachers, for CMU Off Campus extension courses (Box 2, Folder 4). These classes took place in Traverse City.

A list of copyrighted interviews with or coverage about Justice Weaver is included in the back of Box 92, Speeches, August 2002 – 2005, folder. These CDs or DVDs were withdrawn from the collection due to copyright issues.

Processing Note: 7 cubic feet of copies, correspondence, drafts, floppy disks, memorandums, microcassettes (if paper speech was available), and peripheral materials was withdrawn during processing.

Series 11, processed by Jonathan Strom, Trial Court Assessment Commission (TCAC), 1993, 1999, undated, 1 cubic foot (in 2 boxes) includes: Meeting minutes of the commission and its subcommittees, correspondence between commission members and various people related to TCAC’s mission, reports generated and /or used by the commission, memorandums, and other related material.

This series documents Justice Elizabeth Weaver’s involvement in TCAC as Chairman. It exhibits how the commission function, how they developed and executed their plan of trial court reform, and how they managed blowback from the legal community. Portions of this series which may be of particular interest are: data generated by the commission’s assessment, and documents related to the demonstration projects that included Barry, Berrien, Isabella, Lake, Washtenaw counties and the 46th Circuit Court. TCAC formed in 1997 to assess the status of trial courts in Michigan and to recommend a solution to streamline the process. They were dissolved in December of 1998 after conducting multiple studies and experiments.

Processing Note: 3 cubic feet of copies, blanks, drafts, trivial correspondence, job applications, and peripheral materials were withdrawn during processing.

Series 12, processed by Brian Schamber, Probate Court and Leelanau Materials, 1974-1990, and undated, 4.5 cubic ft. (in 9 boxes, 1 Oversized folder) includes: newspaper articles, publications, financial reports, cassette tapes, a county flag, correspondence, surveys, and other, related materials. All boxes in this series are Legal-sized boxes.

This series documents Justice Elizabeth Weaver’s time as the probate judge of Leelanau County, her service on the Committee for Juvenile Justice (CJJ), her controversial stance on jailing juveniles (Jailing, Box 97), and her dispute with some members of the county board of commissioners (Yarger Dispute, Boxes 102-103). CJJ meeting folders may contain the following: meeting minutes, charts related to the meeting, and other documents received at the meetings. This series also contains correspondences between other judges, a letter of recommendation from former Michigan Governor and Supreme Court Justice G. Mennen “Soapy” Williams, promotional and campaign materials, publications, mortgage and land dispute cases. A bicentennial flag, which measures 57x 35 inches made by the Spartan Flag Co. of Northport Mi. and bears the county seal of Leelanau County on a blue background, is stored in an oversized folder.

Within the Probate Court Series, is the Leelanau School subseries, which holds documents from Judge Weaver’s time as a board member for the Leelanau School, a private Christian Science school on the Crystal River. Documents in this series cover board meetings, correspondence from headmasters and Congressman Vander Jagt, legal paper work regarding property boundaries, and promotional materials related to the school.

Processing Note: 20 cubic feet of copies, reading materials, and peripheral materials was withdrawn during processing. Acidic newspaper clippings were copied and the copies were added to the collection. One publication was separately cataloged.

Series 13, processed by Ashley Blackburn, Court Reform Materials, 1975-2009, and undated, 6 cubic feet (in 12 boxes) includes: judicial reform documents, trial court reform documents, county court documents, meeting minutes, agendas, correspondence among the Justices, judge recommendations, Court of Appeals documents, media reports, business cards, legal notes, resolutions, newspaper clippings (copies), Demonstration Project documents, Justice Weaver’s notes on bills, and other related materials.

This series documents one of Justice Elizabeth Weaver’s most important platforms: court reform. Included in materials are recommendations on how all Michigan courts should be structured, run, and budgeted and how all judges and Justices should obtain office and behave while in office. Materials show Justice Weaver’s firm point of view on the subject and how other Justice’s communicated with her on the subject of court reform, and how the subject of court reform impacted her role in the courts. Some boxes include dissent documents and related communications among many of her fellow Justices. Many of the boxes also include documents showing support from the community and Justice Weaver’s contemporaries in the courts for her firm stance on Court Reform. Many of the boxes contain media relations, such as news articles showing positive or negative press on the topic of court reform or Justice Weaver herself.

In Box 104, AAUW stands for the American Association of University Women. In 1976, Irene Brown was the Grand Travers Area Representative on the State Board of AAUW. Michigan State Representatives H. Lynn Jondahl and Dennis O. Cawthorne are mentioned. Ingham County Probate Judge Donald S. Owens, who later went on to serve in the Michigan Court of Appeals (2000-2016), is corresponded with. There is also correspondence with Wayne County Juvenile Judge Gladys Barsamian who served in the court from 1975-1993; she died in January 2016.

Box 109 includes information on the Demonstration Projects, sometimes abbreviated Demo, in Michigan Courts. These projects, many of which were led by Justice Weaver, involve restructuring and merging county courts, including probate, trial, district, and circuit courts.

Boxes 111 and 112 mention State Representative Michael (Mike) Nye. Nye also served as a judge for the 30th Probate Court in Hillsdale County. In 1995, during his time as a state representative, Nye introduced House Bill 5158 which dealt with court restructuring and funding. Nye retired in 2012.

In Box 112, MACC stands for Michigan Association of County Clerks.

Box 115 also includes a few multimedia DVDs which record Justice Weaver speaking on the subject of Court Reform to the state of Michigan and a Michigan women’s group. These DVD’s must be played in VLC Media Player. Box 115 also includes an article referencing Senator Barack Obama. A few folders in Box 115 have specific mention of Central Michigan University (CMU) Professor James P. Hill and general Isabella County information.

All the boxes in this series are .5 legal-size cubic foot boxes. 12 boxes, 6 cubic feet in total.

Processing note: At least 5 cubic feet of material was withdrawn from the collection. Not all acidic materials were kept; news clippings that were kept were photocopied and added to the collection. The majority of the acidic items were newspaper articles. Some sticky notes were also photocopied and added into the collection; the rest were withdrawn. At least five items (publications and multimedia) were separately cataloged. Box 1 and Box 2 were processed by Brian Schamber (originally under Probate Courts), therefore the folder descriptions and look vary from the rest of the series.

Series 14, processed by Courtney Riggs, Orals, 1991-2010, and undated, 40.5 cubic feet (in 82 boxes) includes: case notes, legal findings, memorandums, morning reports, pre-orals, orals, orders, supporting constituent correspondence, syllabuses and other, related materials.

This series documents the Supreme Court cases for which the Justices required Orals. Also included are documents describing how the Court reached certain decisions. Such cases include; the People v Budzyn, (102654/102655), in which a black man was killed by a white police officer, and In Re Hon William Runco (113567), which was the first time the Supreme Court became involved in a Judicial Tenure Commission (JTC) case.

Orals is the final step in the process of Michigan Supreme Court case review. First, the Justices decide if a case should be reviewed at all. Then, a case might require a Justice to review or research the case. Next, the Justice may require the lawyers to specifically address one or a few points (mini orals). If the Justices have many or various points to review, the case requires Orals, or presentations by lawyers for the case.

The process for Orals is complex. First, Weaver’s law clerks wrote up a Pre-Oral for her to read about the case. These law clerks include Susan Grace Davis, Graham Bateman, Stephanie, Angela Verner, and Elizabeth Bagley Roth. After the Pre-Oral, Justices hear the case for thirty minutes (Orals). Afterwards, a Justice wrote an opinion. The draft was then circulated to the other Justices. The Justices then edited and revised certain phrases to make it legally correct. If the other Justices did not agree, they wrote up a dissenting opinion or their own opinion. The Justices then decided whom they agreed with and a majority/minority was established. A Justice could also concur in part, and dissent in other parts. “I release my string” is a common phrase used to establish when a Justice threw out their own opinion, as there could only be one majority opinion.

“LIG” is another term used on the Supreme Court. This means leave to appeal improvidently granted, in which the Court believes the case was allowed to be appealed when it should not have been (as explained by CMU Emeritus Professor Joyce Baugh in an email to the Archivist, February 2018).

Abeyance is also a term used by the Supreme Court. According to Black’s Law Dictionary, this means “a state of temporary disuse or suspension.”

Justices made history by hearing an oral argument at the Lapeer County Courthouse in 2007. Completed in 1846, it is the oldest Michigan courthouse still in operation. The plan was to continue this tradition at various courthouses in the upcoming years, but this seemingly has not come into fruition. This is documented in Box #60.

Processing note: 40.5 cubic feet of copies, drafts, and peripheral materials was withdrawn during processing. All acidic materials were copied and the copies were added to the collection. 5 cubic feet of Orals VHS tapes and DVDs are separately cataloged.

Series 15, processed by Brian Schamber, Crystal River Materials, 1975-2005 (Scattered), and undated, 1.5 cubic feet (in 3 boxes) includes: correspondence, constituent letters, a DNR packet, EPA documents, zoning ordinance, directories, reports, newspaper clippings(copies), meeting minutes, circuit court case materials, memorandum, a VHS videotape, water level reports, plat map and a survey sketch

This series documents documents environmental issues in the Crystal River and Glen Lake, Michigan area. Of particular interest are documents related to the Homestead golf course development project (all boxes) which contain correspondence surveys from the Environmental Protection Agency, the Department of the Interior, and Bill Ford (William Clay Ford, Jr.) and the Friends of Crystal River, a local grassroots environmental organization. The collection also documents a law suit related to water level control between Leelanau County and the Glen Lake-Crystal River Watershed Riparians verses the Glen Lake Association. Continued by Series 26.

Processing note: 1.5 cubic feet of peripheral materials, duplicates, copies, in several formats were withdrawn.

Series 16, processed by JoAnna Lincoln and Cassie Olson, Mini-Orals (MOAAs or Mini-Oral Argument on the Application), 2002-2010 and undated, 11.75 cubic feet (in 24 boxes) includes: case notes, legal findings, memorandums, orders, transcripts, supporting constituent correspondence, syllabuses and other, related materials.

This series documents the Supreme Court cases for which the Justices required Mini-Orals to determine if the case should be tried in the Supreme Court. Also included are documents describing how the Court reached certain decisions.

The Mini-Oral Argument on the Application, or MOAA, gives the Court an opportunity to explore the issues involved in the case without the full briefing and submission that follows a leave to appeal. Many times, the Court orders a MOAA to discuss more specific issues before elevating it to a full oral argument.

Each MOAA case included some variation of the following materials: memorandum opinion, orders, a syllabus, memorandums, applications, motions, supplemental reports, Weaver’s notes, conference agendas, a transcript, and photographs.

Some of these cases include; MOAA Docket 127292 wherein a baby was either thrown or fell accidentally out of a window, MOAA Docket 133988 wherein a woman crossing the street was hit by a police car, and Docket 135247 in which the MOAA was held at the Barry County Historical Courthouse with high school students present for educational purposes. In her notes, Weaver expressed her opinion that Docket 135247 was the worst MOAA they had ever heard.

Orals is the final step in the process of Michigan Supreme Court case review. First, the Justices decide if a case should be reviewed at all. Then, a case might require a Justice to review or research the case. Next, the Justice may require the lawyers to specifically address one or a few points (mini orals). If the Justices have many or various points to review, the case requires Orals, or presentations by lawyers for the case. For more information on Orals, see the finding aid for Orals.

Processing Note: 7.5 cubic feet of copies, miscellaneous agendas and notes, drafts, and peripheral materials were withdrawn during processing.

Series 17, processed by JoAnna Lincoln, Reference Materials, 1985-2010, and undated, 1 cubic foot (in 2 boxes) includes: various reports and publications by the courts for the state of Michigan, audits, forums, essays, materials for events Weaver attended, legal documents investigating Weaver and other justices for judicial malpractice, personal correspondence, correspondence from constituents with strong feelings, materials from organizations Weaver was involved with, and Weaver’s personal membership cards.

Processing Note: Ten feet of materials including duplicates, newspaper clippings, empty envelopes, advertisements, court orders, sticky notes, reference materials, floppy disks, FYIs, and peripheral materials were removed from the collection during processing. 19 items were separately cataloged.

Series 18, processed by Nikki Brabaw, Campaigns Material, 1974-2010, and undated, 2.5 cubic feet (in 5 boxes) includes: Materials relate to the various campaigns and elections Weaver ran for – Probate Court in 1974, Court of Appeals in 1986 and 1992, Michigan Supreme Court Justice in 1995 and 2002, and her appointment to Chief Justice in 1999. This series also documents Justice Weaver’s initial resignation from Supreme Court in 2005 that she later revoked, her campaign for a third term as Justice in 2010, that she revoked, and her official resignation in 2010. Justice Weaver’s attempts to reveal to the public the corruption of the other Michigan Supreme Court Justices are somewhat displayed in this collection, and the backlash she received from other justices that ultimately led to an investigation into her conduct as a justice and her later, forced, resignation. This series also documents that Justice Weaver legally changed her name from Betty to Elizabeth to help avoid confusion when the public assumed her full name was Elizabeth. Also included is the page from Corp! Magazine in which Weaver was named one of the top 95 most powerful women in Michigan in 2002. Along with Justice Weaver’s campaigns, this series also includes the other judges and politicians that she endorsed and supported during their campaigns and when she was not back up for election. The last box of this series also includes three-dimensional objects – two hats and one paper weight. Researchers may also be interested in Series 5 of this collection which covers 1990, 1995 and undated materials .75 cubic feet (2 boxes), of Weaver’s first run for Michigan Supreme Court. Researchers may also note that there are only three items in one folder pertaining to Weaver’s 1992 campaign for Court of Appeals. An exhaustive, unsuccessful search was completed to find additional materials.

Processing Note: Approximately 22.25 cubic feet of materials including duplicates, newspaper clippings, empty envelopes, post-it notes, reference materials, floppy disks, miscellaneous financials, miscellaneous notes, letters addressed to Weaver that have no response, miscellaneous cassette tapes, acidic paper, event invitations that Weaver did not attend, receipts, agendas and calendars, miscellaneous office supplies, unsupported CDs, and peripheral materials were removed from the series during processing. Cassette tapes of radio interviews with Justice Weaver in which she openly discussed the wrongdoings of the other Justices, and how she felt the court system should change, were also withdrawn due to their content. Twenty-nine photographs were removed from this series and interfiled with the other general photographs in the collection. Also withdrawn was a card from Nancy (who worked for Weaver) in which an actual flower was pressed insecurely into the front and was breaking off into the rest of the series. Researchers may also note that special attention was given to any materials from Justice Weaver’s first run for Michigan Supreme Court in 1994, Hall of Justice documents and speeches. A few of these items were found in this series and were appropriate interfiled. Thirty-four items were separately cataloged and twenty-one additional items were added to the Michigan Vertical Files.

Series 19, processed by Brad Davis, 46th District Court Docket No. 128878 materials, 2004-2006, 2018, and undated, 2.25 cubic ft. (in 5 boxes) includes: case overview, appendices, application to leave for appeal, and sealed exhibitions.

This series documents the suppressed case of the 46th Circuit Trial Court v. Crawford County. The Trial Court’s predecessor, the 46th Circuit Court, was the circuit court servicing Otsego, Crawford, and Kalkaska counties. There was a plan to evaluate the feasibility of consolidating various court functions into a single entity known as the 46th Trial Court.

In order to facilitate this consolidation, the Trial Court began a large-scale administrative reorganization for the purpose of standardizing wages, benefits, and personnel policies in 2004. During the reorganization, the Chief Judge requested that his employees switch to less-favorable prescription drug and health insurance plans and that they relinquish longevity plans for an enhanced employee pension plan funded by the counties. The Chief Judge presented his enhanced benefits plan to the Tri-County Committee, and subsequently to each county’s board of commission. The resolution was passed by the Otsego and Kalkaska county boards.

The Crawford County board refused to sign the contract because the board’s concern regarding the prospect of a sizeable unfunded liability, led to the District Court’s involvement. In 2004, Crawford County refused to pay its share of the costs of the enhanced benefit plans. In 2005, Kalkaska County Board of Commissioners rescinded its resolution on the basis of the concerns raised by Crawford County. Otsego County proceeded to fund the entire cost of the enhanced benefits plan without reimbursement from the other funding units.

Application for leave to appeal was answered in 2005. A major issue in the case was that Judge Davis tried inappropriately to impose his plan on the counties without the commissioner’s approval, super-ceding his authority. The case was decided in 2006, and later suppressed. The 46th District Court is now the 46th Circuit Court. (Information taken from the Case Overview provided in the collection.)

Processing Note: Nothing from the collection was withdrawn during processing.

Series 20, processed by Brad Davis, Reform Michigan Government Now Materials, 2008, .25 cubic ft. (in 1 box), includes: orders from the court, news articles, and memoranda.

This series documents the decision o f the courts on a proposed amendment to the Michigan constitution to be included on the ballot during the 2008 presidential election. Reform Michigan Government sought to amend the Michigan constitution to completely reform the Michigan courts by increasing the number of local judges and decreasing the number of Michigan Supreme Court Justices from seven to five. The proposed amendment became a topic of controversy between Michigan Democrats and Republicans.

72% of Michigan voters eventually favored the amendment. However, the proposal also encountered opposition, most notably among the Michigan Republican Party, which launched a campaign to stop the proposed amendment from being placed on the ballot in November 2008. The argument between supporters and the opposition to the amendment led to the proposal reaching the Michigan Court of Appeals. The Court of Appeals ruled that the amendment was unconstitutional, causing a greater controversy.

The ruling by the Court of Appeals was challenged and the case was brought to the Michigan Supreme Court. The Supreme Court ruled in favor of the lower court, leaving the proposed amendment off the ballot in the November election. (Video recordings of the oral arguments for this case are separately catalogued.)

Processing Note: .25 cubic ft. of material outside the scope of the collection were withdrawn during processing.

Series 21, processed by Lindsey Rogers, Macomb County Probate Court (MCPC) Materials, 1999-2009, .5 cubic foot (in 1 box), includes: correspondence, supporting documents (memorandums, emails, and statements from members of the court and the public) concerning the investigation of the behavior of MCPC judges.

This series was created due to apparent negligence on the behalf of certain judges on the MCPC. Justice Weaver became involved after an article appeared in the newspaper, which detailed the ongoing issues between Judge Pamela Gilbert O’Sullivan and then-Chief Judge Kathryn George. The series centers on several mishandled cases and issues surrounding the Addams Guardianship Services. These issues affected Justice Weaver’s personal life and her position on the Michigan Supreme Court.

Of particular note is Justice Weaver’s rapidly deteriorating friendship with Judge Kenneth Sanborn, as indicated in letters throughout this series. The materials within indicate that Justice Weaver may have been building a case against Judge George, and later newspapers articles show that Judge George was removed as Chief Judge and was investigated by the Michigan Judicial Tenure Commission (MJTC). Justice Weaver’s relationships with the other Supreme Court Justices is also documented throughout this series.

Weaver’s attempts to replace Sanborn with O’Sullivan and to file complaints against George with the MJTC all failed by October 2008 (“Probate’s acting chief judge will stay put,” Macomb Daily, October 3, 2008, accessed online December 21, 2018.)

Processing Note: 1 cubic foot of duplicates, out-of-scope materials, and blanks were withdrawn during processing.

Series 22, processed by Anna Dean, Emily Moran, and Mitchel Watts, Administrative Meeting Minutes, 1994-2010, 2.75 cubic ft. (in 6 boxes) is a compilation of minutes created by Justice Weaver for reference. Most of the boxes of this series include agendas and meeting minutes of the court and of court administrative meetings. The fourth box contains the opening and closing of files, Michigan Justice Tenure Commission (JTC) staff reports and letters of recommendation regarding JTC amendments

At the Court Administrative meetings the Justices discuss the inner workings and rules of the court themselves and approve meeting minutes from prior meetings. There are specific court processes that were often changed or adjusted. During these meetings important changes to the court, such as the nomination and acquisition of a new Chief Justice, were discussed. Towards the end of these meetings, Justice Young abstained from approving meeting minutes for a multitude of years. He stated that he will stop abstaining when Justice Weaver is removed from the court. These meetings occurred approximately once a week or every other week.

During court case file review meetings the Justices vote on whether or not a case showed the plaintiff guilty or innocent or decide whether or not they wanted to review a case. These meetings occurred approximately once a week or every other week.

The opening or closing of certain cases is also documented in this series. There is a statute of limitations so if the Justices wish to open or close these files they are allowed to do so only within a certain period. These meetings rarely occurred.

Box 244 (a .25 cubic foot box) includes two JTC folders. During JTC meetings complex changes for justices’ roles were discussed, including a large number of rule changes which govern judicial disciplinary proceedings. These changes were considered in 1999 and 2000. Some of these changes were accepted. There were also a number of recommendations by various people to amend these rules. The JTC met the second Monday of each month.

The Michigan JTC was established by the state in 1968. The Commission strives to hold state judges, magistrates, and referees accountable for their misconduct without jeopardizing or compromising the essential independence of the judiciary. The basis for Commission action is a violation of the Code of Judicial Conduct or Rules of Professional Conduct, which are published with the Michigan Rules of Court. (This information is from the MI JTC’s website, accessed February 20, 2019.)

Processing Note: 58.75 cubic foot of duplicates, out-of-scope materials, and blanks were withdrawn during processing.

Series 23, processed by Carolyn Niehaus, Denials, 2007 – 2009, 9 cubic ft. (in 18 boxes), includes: case notes, legal findings, memorandums, orders, holds, transcripts, supporting constituent correspondence, Justice Weaver notes, syllabuses and other, related materials.

This series documents the Supreme Court cases for which the Justices determine that the case should not be reviewed or tried in the Supreme Court. Also included are documents describing how the Court reached certain decisions.

Each Denial case includes some variation of the following materials: memorandum opinion, orders, a syllabus, memorandums, hold orders, applications, motions, supplemental reports, Weaver’s notes, a transcript, photographs, and other documents relevant to the evaluation of individual cases.

Hold orders appear as regular correspondence between Justices within each Denial case docket. According to Black’s Law Dictionary, a hold order is “an instruction to stop activity by a previous order” (March, 2019). Hold orders appear in the Denial cases through phrasing such as “Please hold this case for conference consideration”, “Please hold this case. I would like to review the file at greater length”, or “THIS IS NOT A HOLD”.

Orals is the final step in the process of Michigan Supreme Court case review. First, the Justices decide if a case should be reviewed at all. If not, the case is denied. Then, a case might require a Justice to review or research the case, and then it may be denied. Next, the Justice may require the lawyers to specifically address one or a few points (mini orals), and then the case may be denied. If the Justices have many or various points to review, the case requires Orals, or presentations by lawyers for the case, and even then the case may be denied. For more information on Orals, see the finding aid for Orals.

Processing Note: 1 cubic feet of copies, miscellaneous agendas and notes, drafts, and peripheral materials as well as cases involving minors were withdrawn during processing. While cases involving minors are a matter of public record, the Justices’ notes about these sensitive cases were not. Therefore, they were withdrawn during processing.

Series 24, processed by Mitchel Watts, the Governor’s Task Force on Child Abuse and Neglect (GTFCAN), 1978-2014, undated, 1 cubic foot (in 2 boxes, 1 Oversized folder) includes: reports, notably the Washtenaw County Trial Court Family Division Juvenile Court Reorganization Report 2001, appointments, state-congressional bills, letters, executive summary, model protocols and a CD. The collection documents the Task Force’s findings and reports on child abuse and neglect in the state of Michigan. The series includes case documents on the debatable topic of whether or not spiritual healing qualifies as child abuse (see Weaver GTFCJ, Spiritual Healing, 1993-1997 folder). A speech made by Justice Weaver (see Weaver GTFCAN, Leland Education Foundation Speech, 2011 folder) details changes she wanted to implement in the court system. There is a CD (see Weaver GTFCAN, State Court Administrative Office 8th Annual Child Welfare Services Conference, Pathways to Permanency, CD, 2012 folder) records an annual conference sponsored by the GTFCAN. Lastly, there is her oversized certificate of to the GTFCJ in 2004. The oversized folder includes Weaver GTFCJ, Appointment Certificate, 2004.

Originally established in 1991, the Governor’s Task Force on Children’s Justice (GTFCJ) was renamed The Governor’s Task Force on Child Abuse and Neglect (GTFCAN) in 2010. The charge of the Task Force remained the same, which was to review and evaluate State investigative, administrative and both civil and criminal judicial handling of cases of child abuse and neglect, including child sexual abuse and exploitation, as well as cases involving suspected child maltreatment related fatalities and cases involving a potential combination of jurisdictions, such as intrastate, interstate, Federal-State, and State-Tribal. Justice Weaver served on both task forces as chair, 1993-2012. Justice Weaver was aware of the suffering of minors in the court system and sought to alleviate their suffering by accelerating the rate by which their cases were heard and resolved through reorganization and reassignments of cases that were waiting for a judge to hear or review them. Her ideas proved unpopular as most Michigan judges did not desire a larger caseload. (This information is from the series, her book, and the website Michigan.gov/Michigan Department of Health and Human Services, accessed in October 2020.)

Processing Note: 1 cubic foot of duplicates, copies, blank papers and miscellaneous information was withdrawn during processing.

Series 25, processed by Emily Moran, Justice Elizabeth A. Weaver Miscellaneous and Photographs, 1987, 2011, undated, includes: awards and various installments of each ceremony in this series, particularly her investiture as Chief Supreme Court Justice in 1995 and involvement with the Michigan Women’s Hall of Fame (MWHoF), speeches, including those related to her induction, other women’s inductions into the MWHoF, as well as graduations and other events, and correspondence. Also included are some financial reports, and a folder regarding her judicial misconduct (October-December 2002). Other folders of interest include materials related to the Supreme Court Learning Center, Supreme Court Survival Kit, which are intended for new Justices. Weaver answered a number of questions about her upbringing and how she became interested in a legal career. Lastly, there is a script of her speaking part in an educational video about the courts. The collection is arranged in alphabetical order. There is a thank you note from President George W. Bush and two packets titled Portfolio of Michigan Capito Woodcuts, Reprinted from 1879, and coins, for Capitols 125th Anniversary, 2004. Miscellaneous photographs (Box 284) include formal and informal photographs of Justice Weaver campaigning, interacting with colleagues and friends, group photographs of justices, in the Michigan Woman’s Hall of Fame, Hall of Justice images, and documentation of the arson destruction and recovery of the Court of Appeals office, 1987. There is one photograph of her with President Ronald Reagan, 1995.

Michigan Women Forward, previously known as the Michigan Women’s Foundation, began in 1986 as an organization “devoted to the economic and personal well-being of Michigan women and girls.” Since 1987 they have held annual induction ceremonies into the Michigan Women’s Hall of Fame. Justice Elizabeth Weaver was inducted into the Hall of Fame in 2005 and gave speeches in honor of other nominees in 2006 and 2008. (This information is from the collection and the Michigan Supreme Court Learning Center’s website, https://courts.michigan.gov/education/learning-center/Pages/default.aspx, Accessed 2 November 2020.)

The Supreme Court Learning Center was established as a hands-on gallery to engage visitors and aid them in understanding the roles of the judicial branch of government. The Learning Center offers tours and educational programs geared towards K-12 students across the state. Justice Elizabeth Weaver was the Supervising Justice for the Learning Center in 2006, however it is not clear how long she held this position. (This information is from the collection and Michigan Women Forward’s website, https://miwf.org/, Accessed 2 November 2020.)

Processing Note: During processing 7cubic feet of duplicates, copies, blank papers and miscellaneous information was withdrawn. Three items relating to budget reports had previously been cataloged and were placed with their appropriate collections.

Series 26, processed by Mitchel Watts, is a continuation of Series 15, the Crystal River series, 1983-2003, undated, 1.5 cubic feet (in 4 boxes) includes: dockets for the Michigan Appeals and Supreme Court, reports, letters, and maps. The majority of the series is recorded proceedings of the Michigan Supreme Court case Friends of the Crystal River V. Kuras Properties. Notably, the series has a full report from the Department of the Army that details their findings in Glen Arbor Township (see Weaver Crystal River, Department of the Army Permit Evaluation Homestead, Undated folder). The series has two folders of letters, one each that supports and disapproves of the proposed golf course (See Weaver Crystal River, Golf Course Support Letters, 1987 folder and Weaver Crystal River, Letters Opposed to the golf Course, 1986-1987). The series also contains a map that shows where the Homestead proposed purchase of land would be in Glen Arbor Township (See Weaver Crystal River, Facts and Maps Concerning the Homestead Golf Course, 1983, 1986). The legal-size box contains recorded proceeding of the case in the Appeals Court.

In 1986, the Homestead Resort in Glen Arbor, Michigan, planned to build a golf course some of which would overlap the Crystal River. The Homestead sought to incorporate the Crystal River as a water hazard within the golf course. Some of the local population so (saw?) this new course as a violations to rivers purity and formed a group called Friends of the Crystal River. The Friends filed a suit against Homestead alleging that their new course would violate the state’s wetlands act and Environmental Protection acts by disrupting the river’s ecology and interfering with the public’s right to use it. When the golf course was approved by the Environmental Protection Agency, the Friends filed a suit which eventually reached the Michigan Supreme Court under docket number 107823. The Supreme court decided to abolish all previous rulings in the lower courts and left the decision to the Department of the Army to determine if the golf course could be built without affecting the environment. After a long survey, the Department of the Army deemed that building the golf course would not be best for the land and Crystal River and therefore the Homestead golf course was not built.

Processing Note: During processing 1 cubic foot of duplicates, blank papers, newspaper clippings and miscellaneous information was withdrawn. One cassette tape and 9 mini cassette tapes were also withdrawn for their miscellaneous information.

Series 27, processed by Emily Moran, Events, 1994-2004, .25 cubic feet (in 1 box) includes: invitations and / or tickets to a wide array of events such as, luncheons, conferences, inductions, banquets, ceremonies, fundraisers, birthday parties, graduations, retirement parties, and organization meetings. There is a folder that contains speeches given by Justice Weaver when attending events titled Events Featuring Speeches, 1994-2004. The folder titled Events Relating to Attorneys / Law Topics, 1998-2004 features events hosted by organizations such as the Prosecuting Attorneys Association of Michigan and the Michigan Trial Lawyers Association. The folder titled Events Relating to Friends and Family, 2001-2004 includes invitations and tickets to weddings, graduations, retirements, plays, and symphonies. Events Relating to Judges / Judicial Topics, 1999-2004 has invitations regarding investitures, as well as events hosted by the Michigan Supreme Court Historical Society and the Michigan Judicial Institute. Lastly, the folder titled Events Relating to Miscellaneous Organizations, 1999-2004 contains invitations to events hosted by organizations that do not fit into other folders listed, such as the House Republican Campaign Committee and Michigan Senate Republicans.

Founded in 1928, the Prosecuting Attorneys Association of Michigan (PAAM) is a voluntary association serving the state of Michigan. As an organization, their primary function is to keep all prosecuting attorneys throughout the state of Michigan updated of changes in law, legislation, and other matters that pertain to their offices. Their goal is to create a uniform system of conduct, duty, and procedure, for each county in the state. (This information is from the Prosecuting Attorneys Association of Michigan’s website, https://www.michiganprosecutor.org/, accessed 25 November 2020.)

The Michigan Trial Lawyers Association is now known as the Michigan Association of Justice (MAJ). The organization’s mission statement is “to promote a fair and effective justice system,” through supporting the work of attorneys who obtain justice for persons who are injured by misconduct or negligence of others. The organization achieves this by hosting seminars, forums, and publications to help MAJ members advocate for their clients successfully. (This information is from the Michigan Association of Justice website, https://www.michiganjustice.org/, accessed on 25 November 2020.)

Processing Note: 4 cubic feet of copies, thank you letters, event schedules, blank papers and miscellaneous information was withdrawn during processing.

Series 28, processed by Emily Moran, Court Cases, 1996-2008, .5 cubic feet (in 1 box) includes: court-related documents, such as syllabi, opinions, hearing transcripts, supplemental reports, and orders. Also included are personal notes taken by Justice Weaver during oral hearings and memorandums sent between the Justices. Three cases are highlighted in the collection: Gilbert v. DaimlerChrysler Co., In re Haley, and In re Nettles-Nickerson. Each court case has a folder Syllabus, Official Documents, and a folder Orals, Personal Notes, in which Justice Weaver made notes and comments regarding each case. A specific folder In re Haley Memorandums between Justices, 2005-2006, features the back and forth hostile deliberation about the majority and minority opinions between both Justice Weaver and the majority, Robert P. Young, Jr., Clifford W. Taylor, Maura D. Corrigan, and Stephen J. Markman. A folder Sample of Weaver Selected Cases, 1996-1998, were intentionally retained by Justice Weaver to demonstrate her dissenting opinions.

Processing Note: 5.5 cubic feet of copies, memorandums, supplemental information, and miscellaneous materials were withdrawn during processing.

Series 29, processed by Marian Matyn, Justice Elizabeth A. Weaver Budgets, Calendars, 1975, 2007 (Scattered), 1 cubic feet (in 2 boxes), consists of the remnants of two series, Budgets and Calendars, combined into one. The series includes budget information for the Judiciary, 1998; Recorder’s Court, 1997; a survey of court employee compensation, 1996; and correspondence and an article about the Justices no longer having a state car in 2007 due to budget cuts. Also included is a sample of Weaver’s various types of calendars, 1975-1976; 1981; 1986; 1995; 2001 and 2005. She had multiple calendars each year with both personal and professional entries duplicated from one calendar to the next. In 1975 Weaver had two desk calendars. The archivist combined pages with information on them, which sometimes is duplicative, into one folder. The calendars span her time as a Probate Court Judge, January 1974-1986, and as a Michigan Supreme Court Justice, 1995-2010, and as Chief Justice, 1999-2001.

Processing Note: During processing 4 cubic feet of duplicates, miscellaneous, phone message books, and blanks was withdrawn. 1 publication was separately cataloged.

Series 30, processed by Emily Moran, Leelanau Center for Education (LCE), 1980-1987, and undated, .25 cubic ft. (in 1 box), contains materials relating to Justice Weaver’s involvement within the Leelanau Center for Education (LCE), such as letters of grievances, letters regarding the Homestead golf course development project, LCE curriculum and policy changes, and Justice Weaver’s 1987 resignation from the Board of Trustees. Folders of interest include Grievances to LCE Board of Trustees, 1987, featuring letters from Leelanau School alum, The Homestead Golf Course Project, 1986-1987, containing materials sent to the Board of Trustees concerning the golf course development project, and LCE Curriculum, 1980-1987, undated, which highlights school curriculum and policies, including Christian Science programs. Lastly, Resignation from the LCE, 1987, has farewell letters sent to Justice Weaver after her departure from the Board of Trustees

Researchers may also be interested in related materials found in Series 12 Probate Court and Leelanau Materials 1974-1990, undated, as well as folder Leelanau School Documents, 1986-1987, in Series 15 and 26 Crystal River Materials.

Camp Leelanau for Boys and Camp Kohahna for Girls were founded by M. “Skipper” Beals and his sister Maude Beals Turner in the early 1920s. Originally providing daily educational programs, the camps paved way for the creation of what is now known as the Leelanau School to offer year-round traditional academics. The two camps joined together in the 1970s to share land and were located in Northport from 1981-1988. In 1988, the non-profit organization Camp Leelanau and Kohahna Foundation, Inc. was formed to take on the responsibilities of running the camps.

Previously known as the Leelanau Center for Education, the Leelanau School is a private boarding and day school for K-12 students. The Homestead, Leelanau School, and Camp Leelanau were supervised by the governing board of the Leelanau School and shared space on the same property before a division of the land between the three groups in the 1980s. The school is designed to be a facility for students looking to learn in a Christian Science community. (This information is taken from the collection, The Leelanau School’s official website, https://leelanau.org/, and Camp Leelanau and Kohahna’s official website, https://leelanau-kohahna.org/, accessed 1 December 2020.)

Processing Note: 1 cubic foot of copies, meeting minutes, newspaper clippings, water damaged materials, and miscellaneous papers were withdrawn during processing.

Series 31, processed by Marian Matyn, Justice Elizabeth A. Weaver CJJ (Michigan Committee on Juvenile Justice), 1995, 2006, 1.5 cubic feet (in 3 boxes), includes: meeting minutes and related emails, attachments, reports, proposals, and statistics for the committee, executive committee, and subcommittees on which Weaver served, 1995-2006, There is material for every year except 1996 and 2000. There are reports, proposals, and statistics on at risk, abused, and disproportionately incarcerated Michigan Black, Native American and female minors from organizations and government agencies responsible for their care, trying to improve their care, or reporting on it including: Childhelp USA, Leelanau County Family Coordinating Council, Michigan Child and Family Services, Michigan State University School of Criminal Justice, Alternatives for Girls, Michigan Department of Human Services’ Bureau of Juvenile Justice (BJJ), Black Family Development, Inc. (Detroit), and Girls Rock Our World (G.R.O.W.). There is also a letter from Margie Good who served on the CJJ with Weaver recommending the governor reappoint Weaver due to her excellent service to the committee. In 2005 the CJJ was supposed to submit a Juvenile Crime analysis report, 2000-2003, but members found many inaccuracies in it.

The Michigan Committee on Juvenile Justice, abbreviated by Weaver as CJJ, provides advice, suggestions and solutions to the Governor on juvenile justice issues. The CJJ works collaboratively with the Department of Health and Human Services and other agencies. The Committee has been instrumental in changing practices, policies, and philosophies to improve the juvenile justice system. Created in 1975, it is an important liaison with the Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention (OJJDP), an office of the federal Department of Justice. Every three years the CJJ is required to develop and submit a juvenile justice plan to the OJJDP. The mission of the CJJ is to advise the Governor on matters related to juvenile justice legislation and administration, to mobilize communities to develop and implement prevention services, and to create a strategic plan that sets standards, determines priorities and allocates funds for successful. delinquency prevention and rehabilitative programs. (This information is from the MCJJ website, https://michigancommitteeonjuvenilejustice.com/about-us/about-us.html, accessed December 1, 2020.)

Processing Note: 1.5 cubic feet of duplicates, out-of-state publications, reading materials, and miscellaneous information was withdrawn during processing.

Series 32, processed by Emily Moran, Central Michigan University Law Couse, 1976 and undated, .25 cubic foot (in 1 box), ccontains materials relating to Justicer Weaver's law course which she taught through CMU at NMCC in Traverse City, Michigan. Materials include class syllabus, lecture outlines, lecture notes, quizzes and tests relating to the course. Lastly, there is a booklet relating to laws of Michigan (in folder CMU Law Course, You and the Law Publication), undated.

Central Michigan University (CMU) began officially offering classes in Traverse City in 1979 through Northwestern Michigan Community College (NMCC). The course taught by Justice Elizabeth Weaver in 1976 was a special opportunity provided to students given the unique circumstances of Justice Weaver offering to run the course.

Processing Note: During processing 1 cubic foot, .5 cubic foot from this series and .5 from Media series, which was photocopied news clippings and recordings of Weaver being interviewed by the press over the phone, were withdrawn.

Series 33, processed by Emily Moran, Mitchel Watts, Opinion Agendas, 1997-1999, 2008, .5 cubic foot (in 1 box), is agendas for meetings at which the Michigan Supreme Court decided which opinions to rehear. There are some additional notes as to which justice initially reviewed the case and presented it to the other justices, vote tallies and comments.

Processing Note: .25 cubic foot of duplicates were withdrawn during processing.

Series 34,processed by Emily Moran, MItchel Watts, Objects, 1984-2011, undated, 5cubic foot (in 3 boxes, 6 Oversized folders, 1 Oversized framed portrait) includes: a sample of her election banners, posters, t-shirts, and bumper stickers; certificates, oaths of office, and diplomas, awards and plaques, and an oil painting of when she was a probate judge, undated.

Processing Note: .5 cubic foot of duplicates was withdrawn during processing.

Closed series Processing Note: During processing, Michigan Supreme Court Orals, 1998-2010 (videotapes and DVDs) were separately cataloged as a series. Please refer to that catalog record for further information. Also during processing several series marked Closed when donated to the Clarke were withdrawn from the collection during processing, a total of 3.5 cubic feet.

Collection includes the papers of Dr. Clarence Hemingway, Grace Hall[-]Hemingway, Marcelline Hemingway Sanford and Sterling S. Sanford, as well as published articles by and about them and Ernest Hemingway.

The collection is divided into five major series: 1) the papers of Dr. Clarence Hemingway, 1896-1928 (Scattered), .5 cubic foot (in 1 box, Box #1); 2) the papers of Grace Hall Hemingway, late 19th century, 2006, and undated, 5 cubic feet (in 10 boxes, Boxes #2-11); 3) the papers of Marcelline (Hemingway) Sanford, 1853, 1998, and undated, 7.75 cubic feet (in 17 boxes, Boxes #12-28); 4) the papers of Sterling S. Sanford, 1861, 2006, and undated, 9 cubic feet (in 18 boxes, Boxes #29-46); and 5) Periodicals with articles, by/about Ernest Hemingway, Grace Hall Hemingway, and/or Marcelline Hemingway Sanford, 1.5 cubic feet (in 3 boxes, Boxes #47-49), 1938-1991 (scattered). All boxes are .5 cubic feet letter-size boxes unless otherwise indicated.

Papers of Dr. Clarence Hemingway: This series consists mostly of letters to and from Clarence, 1896-1928 (Scattered) .5 cubic foot (in 1 box, Box #1). Also included is an article he wrote on the sudden deaths of new mothers, 1908, and his extremely brief obituary of December 6, 1928.

There are five notes written to him, mostly generic in nature. The most noteworthy letter Clarence received in the collection is actually a facsimile of a letter and envelope to him entitled “Short Note from Paris, 1925” from Ernest Hemingway, dated October 19, 1925. In the letter, Ernest thanked his father for sending him a magazine. Ernest mentioned swimming in the Seine, eating partridge, being busy, that writer John Dos Passos and Dick Hill from Oak Park visited and stayed with him and Hadley, and that they were celebrating Bumby’s [John “Jack” Hemingway] birthday party.

There are also several letters Clarence wrote to Grace before and after their marriage, 1896, 1900, 1908, and 1918. The three pre-marriage letters, January 1, 2, and 23, 1896, to Grace are addressed “My darling Sunshine” or “My darling Grace.” They mostly talk of his missing her, enjoying their chats, getting to know each other, about the blessing of God having brought them together and what the future will hold for them. While sincere, they are not romantic. His letter to Grace dated January 23, 1896 also mentions her instructing the opera company in New York City, Madame Cappiani, and the Rubenstein Club that she is enjoying, as well as his family at home in the evening. It is obvious that he enjoyed the cozy pleasure of his family in the evenings and hoped to replicate that later with her.

There are only a few letters in this collection written to Grace by Clarence during their marriage. One is dated 1900 and is addressed to Gracie, Marcelline, Ernest, Sophie and etc., while they are at Windemere. In it, he writes that he hopes they are well and he is busy and soggy due to the weather. There are three letters dated October 15-17, 1908 addressed to “My dear Grace and All at home”, in Oak Park. These letters are written on the stationery of the Society of the Lying-in Hospital in New York. Clarence was there for about four weeks. He was planning on sailing to Havana, Cuba, but learned in New York that Cuba would require him to be quarantined for five days. He was supposed to sail on the Steamer Comus from New York on October 21 and go to New Orleans. In his letters, Clarence mentions not worrying several times. He and his father took the Grand Central Depot to Thomaston, Connecticut, where they had relatives, and, after a brief visit, Clarence headed to New Orleans. Clarence ends his letter by promising Ursula 10 cents a piece for her baby teeth. There are also two letters, dated October 19-20, 1908 Clarence wrote from Thomaston and Hartford, Connecticut. In both of these letters he writes of visiting friends, relatives, and the beauty of the countryside. Lastly, there are two 1918 letters from Clarence to Grace and Marcelline in College Camp, Wisconsin, dated July 31 and August 1. In the first letter he writes of receiving their notes, his attending a pregnant Mrs. Spears, taking Ursula and Carol to movies, and that Ursula was invited out. In the second letter he briefly notes that Mrs. Spears finally had her baby and Ursula made muffins. He signs off in various ways, but “Love” or “Lovingly” is always present.

The majority of the Correspondence from Clarence is to Marcelline. The 1917 letters were written to Marci mostly while she was attending Oberlin, There are also prints from 42 negatives of photographs with a January 15, 1917 letter from Clarence to Marcelline. The photographs are mostly of young people, perhaps from events of the previous summer.

Clarence offered loving fatherly advice to Marci in his letters. He also supervised the inventorying, packing, and shipping of all of Marci’s wedding gifts. After Marci’s daughter, Carol, was born, Clarence wrote in detail to Marci about proper nutrition, breast feeding, bottle feeding, and the overall health care of an infant, including proper methods of cleaning and sanitizing of bottles, nipples, o-rings, etc. He wrote both lovingly as a concerned Daddy and as a knowledgeable, practical physician who had worked with numerous mommies and babies. At this time, Grace wrote Marci about how she should walk more to lose weight. It is also clear from a letter from Grace to Marci (February 2, 1923 in Box 3) that Grace did not share letters from Marci with Clarence unless she felt it was a situation that required his medical knowledge, such as baby feedings, weight gain, or pre- or post-birth physical ailments Marci experienced.

In a letter to Marci dated March 8, 1928 (in Box 5), Grace noted that she and Dad (Clarence) were leaving for Florida on March 19. Clarence was “in very bad shape, Heart attacks cramps and neuritis in his right arm, so he cannot lift it to shave or brush his hair.” In a letter dated November 21, 1928 (in Box 5), Grace noted that Clarence was ill “Dad has been falling off terribly in weight and appetite and unable to sleep and last week seemed to go all to pieces. He really thought he was going to die, but at last I persuaded on him to go to the hospital and have tests made and put himself under care and he now feels encouraged tho’ he is a sick man, hardly able to make even a few calls. Don’t mention this as he is most anxious to conceal his condition, but I recognize that we are going to have some pretty hard sledding this winter.” Clarence had diabetes and had suffered financial loss in a large Florida land speculation deal. [Note: Neither his diabetes by name nor the land deal is specifically mentioned in letters in the collection until Grace’s will notes land she owned in Pinellas County, Florida.]

It is clear in his letters that Clarence loved his family, and Marci and her daughter, Carol, very much. Clarence also wrote of babysitting Carol. In his last letter in this collection which is addressed to Marci and dated August 30, 1928 (in Box 1), Clarence wrote, “My dear Marcelline and family, I was so pleased to receive your good letters and to learn you located and enjoyed the peaches and distributed them among friends – We will surely appreciate some apples, if you can send them. I also am pleased to learn Warren Sumner is fixing up the barn in Longfield.- I have written him.- Hope you get back to Detroit ok. My love to Carol S. Tell her [that] her Grand Pa surely loves her and misses her very much. – with Les gone to Scout camp it is very quiet here. Mother is working very hard preparing for her “Show” Do hope it will be a huge success as she has surely labored sincerely in it’s behalf.- No more word from Ernest since we were at Windemere. Pauline’s letter was our first word, - but heard from Mrs. Krog last week when she returned from Idaho and Wyoming she saw in a Sheridan, Wyo. paper that E.M.H. was out there at a big ranch rodeo. - let us learn. Ask Mr. Bacon to Nail up gate to our Windemere lot. Please! – Love to you all- Daddy –CMH”

Papers of Grace Hall Hemingway Grace’s papers date late 19th century, 2006, and undated and total 5 cubic feet (in 10 boxes, Boxes #2-11). Some copies of census information (2006) have been added during processing. The largest subseries in the collection include: Correspondence to or from Grace, 2 cubic feet (in 4 boxes), and Programs of performances she, her children, or her other pupils gave or attended, approximately .5 cubic foot (in 1 box). The rest of her collection includes articles, biographical information, which includes a large number of newspaper clippings (mostly copies), Exhibit Catalogs, Family Photographs, notably one of Carol, Ernest, Leicester, and Clarence, 1919; and one of all six Hemingway siblings, 1915; and another of Carol and Ernest at Grace Cottage, 1919.

Materials about Grace Cottage, Longfield Farm, Memorabilia, such as her sunglasses, published music she wrote or used, publications (when entire publication exists and contains relevant information about her), sketches, speech notes, and a few miscellaneous materials are included. Her estate inventory and some published sheet Music is legal-size and thus in a legal-size box, the rest of the material being letter-size.

Also there is Materials of Extended Family and Friends, .5 cubic ft. (in 1 box). This includes mainly correspondence between Grace’s extended relatives, 1865-1925, and a funeral card, 1966. Here is found a letter to her parents before they married, and letters of her brother, Leicester Hall, 1900 and 1901, to their father, Ernest Hall. One of these letters, dated January 30, 1901, concerns the death of Queen Victoria and the new king, King Edward VII.

Of all her materials, the correspondence is the most important in expressing her feelings and beliefs, and the most revealing in demonstrating how she operated.

For example, while proud of all the artistic and literary accomplishments of her children, Grace was most proud of Ernest. She wrote of his articles, travels, awards, and positive critiques in numerous letters to Marci. She also wrote of his wives, children, their travels and his divorces, which she felt were morally wrong and which were socially embarrassing to her. His lack of correspondence bothered her as well. The underlined words below were underlined by Grace. “Did you see the article in the Xmas “Spur” – “Spokesman for our generation” – I don’t know any more than you do, where Ernie is- I have had to write duplicate letters to Key West and Paris, on important matters – so would advise you to do same – as he is easily hurt when he does not hear from us, in return: - you know the Hemingway peculiarity – Sunny says, in so many ways, he reminds her of Daddy.” (letter from Grace to Marci, January 12, 1930 (in Box 5)

Ernest’s literary achievements were a point of great pride among the Hemingways. The only other mention of Ernest is an inscription on the inside back cover of her Travel Journal of A Trip to New Orleans, Louisiana, March 21-28, 1918 , “May 16, 1919, Ernest left, the saddest day of all my life.”

Grace’s letters are full of her social agenda, connections, and friends. She offers advice and sometimes a rather poisonous pen emerges. This is amply demonstrated in the Marci section below.

Papers of Marcelline (Hemingway) Sanford: Marci’s papers, 1853, 1998, and undated, total 7.75 cubic feet (in 17 boxes, Boxes #12-28). Her materials are divided first into Marcelline Hemingway materials (pre-marriage) and then Mrs. S. S. Sanford (Marcelline) materials (post-marriage).

The Marcelline Hemingway subseries includes mostly Biographic Information, approximate. .5 cubic feet (in 1 box), Correspondence to/ from her mainly with relatives and friends, approximately 1.5 cubic feet (in 3 boxes). Her primary and college experiences are documented by her essays, plays, and speeches. There are also materials from high school graduation that she and Ernie shared, 1917. Also included is legal-sized published sheet Music, approximately .25 cubic feet (in 1 box) which Marci played or autographed.

Letters between Marci and Ernest in the collection are copies. There are facsimiles of letters from Marci to Ernest, 1923 and 1954 (re: his winning the Nobel Prize for literature, in Box 27). These are both quite affectionate. For copies of additional letters between them, see the Scope and Contents Note for Sterling’s series. Additional materials relating to Ernest in the form of exhibit catalog, movie programs, newspaper clippings (copies) are in the Materials of Extended Family and Friends (in Box 28).

The Mrs. S. S. Sanford section is so titled because that is how the vast majority of her correspondence were formally addressed and signed by her. The section includes 12 of the 17 boxes, and the oversized materials. The vast majority of the materials are correspondence, but there are also articles by and about Marci, Biographical Information, including her obituaries and photographs, Materials relating to her book “At the Hemingways”, Essays, Family Photographs, Music, Plays, Family Histories. Oversized materials includes: correspondence to Ernest, 1923 and 1954 (facsimiles), the 1954 re: the Nobel Prize, and sheet music. Materials of Extended Family and Friends consist mainly of correspondence, diaries, and obituaries of family members.

The correspondence to Marci from friends and family, mainly Hemingways, totals 2 cubic feet (4 boxes). Most of her correspondence to family and friends, is to Sterling, 1917- 1961 (Scattered), and undated, approximately 2 cubic feet (in 5 boxes). Marci wrote occasionally in response, mostly about her social activities. Again, her letters are very much like her mother’s.

Most of the correspondence with Ernest’s several ex-wives, current wife, and children is of a generic holiday greeting nature, except after Ernest death when Marci wrote to Hadley to inform her of his death and to Pauline trying to get copies of Ernie’s letters. All of these “Ernest family” correspondence are cordial, polite, and impersonal.

Marci also had fairly extensive correspondence with Ted Weeks of the Atlantic Monthly concerning her book, At the Hemingways. This included everything from rewrites, release dates, royalties, book signings, etc.

The letters between Sterling, Marci, and Grace discuss the health of Marci’s children and Sterling. As a baby, Carol did not gain weight. (Letter from Clarence to Marci, October 1923 in Box 5) and had mumps, July 1928). By the late 1920s it was clear Carol had asthma. Sterling also suffered terribly all his life from hay fever, which is noted in many letters. He had surgery before his wedding to try and eliminate or improve his condition.

Marci’s letters are very like her mother’s, full of social events, activities, names, responsibilities, with lots of “appropriate” advice, and vary in their level of emotionality. Grace and Marci’s letters chronicle their social activities, interests, and events, the health of Marci’s children, the financial situation of Grace, and Grace and Marci’s sometimes tumultuous relationship. Grace could write with a truly poisonous pen. The letters also note Grace’s deteriorating finances following Clarence’s unexpected death in December 1928. In a November 17, 1933 letter, Marci noted that Grace had broken a leg bone. Marci usually cared for Grace when her mother was ill or needed help, and Grace even asked for her. They obviously loved each other, but were not above stabbing each other verbally and emotionally in their letters. In 1928 Grace told Marci she planned to sell the house. However, the sale was delayed until December 1935. After the sale, Grace moved to Studio 551 Keystone Avenue, River Forest, Illinois. Other letters document that Grace suffered from migraines.

Regarding race, there is an interesting letter from Marci to Sterling dated July 4, 1943 (in Box 22) in which along with numerous other topics she discusses an evening on Walloon Lake when Lacy (Sergent) put a copy of Life with the Detroit riot picture on her lap. Marci noted that she “thought the whites had acted shamefully!” Lacy and his mother disagreed they “thought mob rule was the only way to “keep the niggers down and in their place – They said “Civil Rights” “fuey”[sic-phooey] Beat ‘em up and keep ‘em quiet. Ellen and Chet Naylan and I disagreed. Old lady Sergent says “throw ‘em off the buses”… when she noted some coloreds rented across the street last year, “Lacy and his Mother said they would have smashed their windows and made it so hot for those niggers they would have had to leave the street. Honestly, its no wonder that Lacy is such a fool in some ways with a Mother like his. She’s a vicious old gal when she gets started - at least conversationally. Well we parted friends but – I was ashamed of them both.”

Papers of Sterling S. Sanford: Sterling’s papers, 1861, 2006, and undated, total 9 cubic feet (in 18 boxes, Boxes #29-46) and consists of: Articles he wrote (approximately .5 cubic foot. in 1 box); Biographical Information (approximately .5 cubic foot in 2 boxes); Children’s books and materials, Correspondence from Sterling to Marcelline, 1917-1964 (Scattered), includes thank you notes sent re: condolences received re: death of Marci. 2 cubic feet (in 4 boxes); Other Correspondence from Sterling relates to genealogy research with friends and relatives, .5 cubic foot (in 1 box); Correspondence to Sterling is from friends and relatives, notably Carrie L. Dicken and Carol H. Sanford, his daughter, 1893-1987, 2 cubic feet (in 4 boxes); various materials documenting his experience at Mt. Clemens High School the University of Michigan; Family Histories, approximately 1 cubic foot (in 2 boxes). Sterling’s Materials of Extended Family and Friends include correspondence between Carrie E. Dot Skillman Sanford, Carrie L. Dicken, and Mrs. Phebe Skillman, as well as correspondence between Sterling and his children, approximately 2.5 cubic feet (in 5 boxes). Documenting his war service are 3 rolled photographs, all from 1918 (Box 46).

Also among the legal-size materials (in Box 42) there are copies of 17 letters from Ernest to Marci, 1916-1951 (scattered) that Sterling copied and distributed to his children in 1980 so they could judge the real relationship between the siblings themselves. These letters are quite affectionate, begin and end often with nicknames, discuss Ernie’s life, fishing, travels, friends, wives and children, include birthday and Christmas greetings, the announcement of John H. N. Hemingway’s birth. Ernest was quite concerned about her operation on May 120, 1921. A November 6, 1917 letter notes why Ernest wants to join the French army. On October 14, 1920 Ernest wrote “Remember that always Marcelline dear , that a brother’s love never dies. A brother may die it is true . In fact they die like flies . but their love . Never .” [The punctuation style is Ernest’s.] A second CONFIDENTIAL page discusses Ernest’s forthcoming publications; a 1921 letter begging her to come to his wedding to Hadley; a December 22, 1938 letter contains an apology for Ernest’s prior letter about Windemere cabin; and a June 1928 letter provides instructions about where to go, who to meet, and what to do in Paris.

Sterling’s letters are very much like those of Clarence Hemingway. They are often tender, emotional, and full of how much he (Clarence or Sterling) loves his female relative (Grace or Marci). Also, they often include health reports of the writer and children, and the weather. Sterling’s letters also included a list of jobs completed, such as fixing the car, picking up clothes from the Laundromat or helping the children with something. Both men noted taking children to movies, and the accomplishments and events in the lives of the children. Both men always reported on invitations they had received, news of family and friends, and relatives and friends with whom he visited or ate dinner while the wife was away. Sterling wrote on a variety of paper that was usually 8.5”x11,” while Clarence often wrote on green sheets were half that size. Both men clearly ended up with babysitting and housework responsibilities, which they did themselves or supervised staff doing, although they do not mention the help. A major example of this for Clarence was the inventorying, packing, and shipping of Marci’s wedding gifts.

Sterling wrote Marci constantly during their 1923 separation and future separations, professing his love and total commitment to her, noting that he was willing to do anything for her and that they could work any problems out. During their more difficult separations, Sterling really poured out his soul to her in his letters. It is very interesting that Sterling is very much in temperament on paper like Clarence, trying to avoid anger, willing to do anything for her.

Regarding race, there are several interesting tidbits in Sterling’s letters. In a letter dated September 3, 1942 (in Box 34) to Marci, Sterling notes how he was informed at a Sales Dept. meeting that Detroit Edison was going to employ colored elevator operators about mid-month. The reason was that the company could not keep operators and colored people are having difficulty finding work. This announcement was made in the hope that it “there will be no surprise or remarks which might embarrass the new employees. This happened at the Mich. Bell Tel. Co. bldg. when the change was made over there.” In a 1988 Oral History Tape (part of his Biographical Information), Sterling recalled a sole colored girl who attended his rural school and was shunned by her classmates even after her father discussed the situation with the terrified teacher. He also notes later in the tape that he and Marci left Detroit for Grosse Pointe when the neighborhood changed and was no longer desirable.

Periodicals: This subseries, 1.5 cubic feet in 3 boxes, is divided by size into letter-size (Boxes #47-48) and legal-size (Box #49) periodicals with articles by or about Ernest Hemingway and /or other members of the Hemingway family, as well as book reviews of books by Ernest, Leicester, and Marcelline Hemingway. Most of the periodicals are complete, a few are partial. Articles are organized by size, author, and then by title. Articles by Ernest include: (letter-size) 1934, 1939, 1957, 1965, and (legal-size) 1944, 1949, and 1954. Articles about Ernest include: (letter-size) 1937-1991 (Scattered), and (legal-size), 1941-1981 (Scattered). Grace Hall Hemingway’s obituary, 1951 is in a periodical. Leicester’s serialized “My brother, Ernest Hemingway” in Playboy, 1961-1962 (3 issues), and reviews of the book and his “the Sound of the trumpet”, 1962 and 1953, respectively are included. Also included are Marcelline’s book “At the Hemingways,” which was serialized in the Atlantic Monthly, 1961-1962 (3 issues), her “Theatre briefs”, 1952, 1962-January 1964, and articles about her, 1938, 1961-1963, and her obituary, 1963.

Additional Notes: COPYRIGHT: Copyright is owned by the donor who wishes to remain anonymous. Inquiries about copyright shall be directed to the Clarke's director.

Vocabulary: Here are some examples of vocabulary in the 1920s letters used among the Hemingway siblings: “Darbyest”: The party was the darbyest thing that ever ocured” [sic]. “…the boys got marbles (darby ones)” (Letter of Befish (Carol Hemingway) to Mazween, April 15, 1923. Dope” ex. “Do you know what the dope is on” person X? “Do you know the dope about” X? Vocabulary in the 1920s letters used among the siblings and Sterling: “Screed” (a letter, or t write, possible from ascribe) Ex. “I expect a screed from you soon.” “I’m too tired to screed you.” “Shangally” (Awesome? Amazing?) Ex. Marci describes a new red evening dress of hers as “Shangally.”

Folder notes within [] are not found on the material, but added from other source material within the collection to assist the researcher. Folder notes within () are included to avoid confusion and assist the researcher.

Variant Spellings: Variant Spellings are accurately reproduced from the originals to the Box and Folder Listing of this collection. Grace Hall Hemingway spelled her name a variety of ways over time, including: Mrs. Dr. Clarence Hemingway, Mrs. Clarence E. Hemingway, Grace Hemingway, Mrs. Grace E. Hall, Mrs. Grace Hall Hemingway, Mrs. Grace Hall-Hemingway, and Mrs. Grace Hemingway. Sometimes for fun events, “Hemingway” was spelled “Heminway”. Other words spelled various ways in the collection include “program” and “programme” and “artist” and “artiste”.

Processing Notes: Approximately three cubic feet of material was removed from the collection during processing and returned to the donors. The returned material included: duplicates, newspaper clippings or other extremely acidic items (which were copied and the copies were then added to the collection); empty envelopes, baggies, and folders; generic correspondence such as solicitations to buy magazines; empty picture frames; and artifacts such as buttons, handkerchiefs, etc. Additional materials were removed by the donors.

Battle Creek, Michigan and Washington, D.C. family including C.W. (Charles William) Post, cereal manufacturer, and anti-union activist and founder of Post City, Texas; and his daughter Marjorie Merriweather Post, executive of General Foods Co., wife of U. S. ambassador to the Soviet Union, art collector, philanthropist, socialite, and Washington D.C. hostess. C.W. Post papers, largely concern labor-management relations, unionism, the Postum Company, currency reform, advertising, and matters of food and hygiene; Marjorie Merriweather Post papers document her social activities and travel, philanthropies art collections, and the maintenance and preservation of her homes and other possessions.

The Post family collection includes papers of businessman and food processor, C. W. Post, largely relating to labor-management relations, unionism, the Post Company, currency reform, advertising, and matters of food and hygiene; and papers, photographs, and sound recordings of his daughter, Marjorie Merriweather Post, General Foods executive and philanthropist, relating to social activities and engagements, philanthropies, and the maintenance and preservation of her homes and other possessions.

The C.W. Post papers consist of manuscript items and printed works created by C.W. Post and retained by his daughter, Marjorie Merriweather Post. The papers are arranged alphabetically by subject.