Lucius Lyon papers, 1770-1934 (majority within 1833-1851)

Summary

Creator:

Thayer, George W.

Abstract:

The Lucius Lyon papers contain the public correspondence of Lucius Lyon, United States representative and senator from Michigan, and surveyor general for Ohio, Indiana, and Michigan. Letter writers include Michigan governors, legislators, postmasters, physicians, and other local politicians, as well as residents of Michigan, Wisconsin, northern Illinois, and Indiana, and national Democratic Party leaders during the years Lyon served in Congress.

Extent:

12 linear feet

Language:

English

Authors:

Collection processed and finding aid created by Philip Heslip, February 2011, and Sara Quashnie, November 2022

Background

Scope and Content:

The Lucius Lyon papers (12 linear feet) contain the public and private correspondence of Lucius Lyon, United States representative and senator from Michigan, and surveyor general for Ohio, Indiana, and Michigan. Lyon received letters from southern Michigan governors and legislators, as well as postmasters, physicians, and other local politicians. Other contributors include residents of Michigan, Wisconsin, northern Illinois, and Indiana; easterners interested in land speculation, settlement, and Michigan politics; and national Democratic Party leaders during the years Lyon served in Congress.

The Correspondence Series comprises the bulk of the Lyon papers. Topics discussed in the Chronological Correspondence Subseries include Michigan statehood, Wisconsin statehood, Indian relations, government appointments, and local politics. Also included are numerous proposals and requests to the United States government for investments and improvements for harbors, lighthouses, roads and mail routes, safety, and protection on the Great Lakes. As well as letters from government officials, Lyon received letters from citizens of virtually every county in Michigan. Several of these letters relate to pension or bounty lands owed to Revolutionary War and War of 1812 veterans and their families (e.g. January 13, 1834; December 8, 1834; January 24, 1835; March 22, 1838; January 3, 1844; November 30, 1844). Letters written during and following the boundary dispute over Toledo provide an on-the-ground view of how residents of the region experienced the conflict and its subsequent effects. A letter written April 9, 1835, accuses the Toledo Postmaster of designating his office as being in Ohio, which was seen as "having taken an improper part in the controversy now pending, between that State & Michigan Territory, which has created much excitement & dissatisfaction among the people." Though the bulk of the letters are official in nature, the collection also contains personal letters to and from Addison, Anna, Asa, Daniel, Edward, Enos, Ira, Lucretia, Mary, Orson, Sarah Atwater, Truman H., and Worthington S. Lyon. Notably, Lucretia Lyon wrote 111 letters to her brother Lucius between 1827 and 1850.

As a Michigan official and surveyor, Lyon dealt regularly with matters concerning Native Americans and their interactions with settlers and the United States government. Much of this material concerns treaties, such as the 1833 Treaty of Chicago and the 1837 Treaty of St. Peters, as well as claims made by and against Native Americans (see for example August 3, 1838; September 24, 1838; December 28, 1838; and an undated letter signed by [Musk]Rat's Liver, also known as Wazhashkokon). Tribes involved include the Choctaw, Fox, Oneida, Potawatomi, Sac (Sauk), Lakota/Dakota, Saganaw, and Ho-Chunk. Also discussed is the Shawnee Prophet (September 2, 1834) and payments to white doctors who vaccinated the Indians against smallpox (March 8, May, 30, and June 12, 1834). Several letters relate to the Second Seminole War and reference Thomas Jesup, Winfield Scott, and Sam Jones (July 26, 1836; February 8, 1838; March 25, 1838; and April 23, 1838).

Lyon also received 14 anonymous love letters (including one undated Valentine housed in the Miscellaneous series) in 1849 and 1850 signed “Mignonette.” One of these letters by the fellow Swedenborgian admirer is signed L.A. Northup whose possible identity could be Laura Adeline Northrup, daughter of a local blacksmith that Lyon visited at least once. A typescript copy of Lyon’s final reply to this woman indicates that she was much younger than him and that he would prefer to remain friends.

The Typed Copies Subseries contains 32 typed transcripts of letters to and from Lucius Lyon and members of the Ingersoll family not present in original format in collection. Some copies note the location of originals at the time they were made. Original letters date from 1833 to 1850 as well as undated.

The Caroline Portman Campbell and James H. Campbell Correspondence Subseries consists of letters relating to Caroline Belzora Portman Campbell, who donated the Lyon Papers to the University of Michigan, and her husband, James H. Campbell, a lawyer in the Grand Rapids area. Campbell (1859-1926) was active in civic and historical organizations including those related to the history of the state of Michigan. The earliest piece of correspondence is a June 30, 1770, letter written by a Quaker woman, Hannah Jackson, which was previously in the possession of Caroline Portman Campbell’s stepmother, Jennie A. Baley Portman. There is also a January 21, 1849, letter written by Portman Campbell’s great-grandmother, Elizabeth Latham, and great-uncle. Other material relates to James H. Campbell's law practice and Caroline Campbell's historical research as well as ownership and donation of the Lucius Lyon papers to the University of Michigan. The bulk of the material is from 1884-1924.

The Native American Treaty Documents Series contains material primarily related to the 1837 Treaty of St Peters (alternatively known as the Treaty with the Chippewa or White Pine Treaty) as well as additional papers related to other contemporary treaties with Native American tribes in the Midwest. The 1837 Treaty Claims Subseries contains the 189 numbered claims and various un-numbered claims submitted by the Ojibwa who ceded a large plot of land in present-day Minnesota and Wisconsin to the United States in the Treaty of St. Peters (Treaty with the Chippewa or the White Pine Treaty) on July 29, 1837. There are two types of claims for financial compensation per the treaty stipulations. The first type of claims, the Article 3 Claims Sub-subseries, are those made by members of the tribe who were of mixed European and Native American ancestry. The second, the Article 4 Claims Sub-subseries, are claims made by those owed money by the Ojibwa. Also present are powers of attorney for claimants, lists of names of claimants, and other related documentation in the Other Treaty Documents Subseries.

The Notebooks, Recipe Book, and Writings Series contains the following eleven volumes:

• Manuscript account of Jonathan Kearsley's military service during the War of 1812.

  Written in Lucius Lyon's hand. Kearsley described his job removing dead bodies from the battlegrounds and recounted the death of Major Ludowick Morgan near Lake Erie.

• Lucius Lyon memo book, 1830-1843
• Lucius Lyon notebook, 1838
• Lucius Lyon memo book, 1842-1843
• Oraculum (manuscript fortunetelling book)
• Berrien County, Michigan, notebook
• "Diagram of Salt Wells Sunk at the Rapids of Grand River, Michigan"
• Lucretia Lyon receipt book

  Lurectia Lyon's receipt book includes recipes for biscuits, cookies, gingerbread, and cakes (palate cake, diet cake, perpetual cake) and household goods such as nankeen dye, food preserves, and cures for cholera morbus, deafness, warts and corns, poisonous vine infections, and dysentery.

• Account notebook, April 1850-February 1851
• Eliza Smith / Pamelia Thayer account book, 1835-1849
• Isaac Bronson Account Book

The Land, Legal, Business, and Financial Papers Series contains documents related to Lyon's business interests spanning 1820 through his death in 1851, along with papers relating to his family's finances after his death. Included are legal documents involving Lyon or officiated by him (these are largely from Michigan, Illinois, and Wisconsin) as well as Lyon's personal and professional financial records, including receipts, bills, invoices, and account lists (1820s-1840s). An early document is an account of sundries taken by the British and allies after surrender of Detroit on October 16, 1812. The series is organized into a Chronological Subseries, Financial Bundles Subseries, and a Petitions Subseries.

The Printed Items and Ephemera Series contains printed legal and legislative documents, advertisements and regulations, invitations, and blank forms, among other items. It also includes newspaper pages and clippings dating from 1833 to 1937.

The Miscellaneous Series contains various items, including Lyon's commissions as a Regent of the University of Michigan and Surveyor General of Ohio, Indiana, and Michigan; undated caucus ballots; a 1905 typed biographical sketch of Lewis Cass, and more.

Manuscripts in the series include, among others:

• A description of the village of Lyons
• The charter of the Illinois and Michigan Canal & Railroad Company
• List of officers employed in the Quarter Masters Department
• Proceedings relative to the admission of the State of Tennesse into the Union
• An undated Knigts of Templar address
• A sample of wallpaper
• Various receipes
• A Valentine sent in 1850
• Knitting directions

In addition to this finding aid, the Clements Library has created a List of Contributors for the Lucius Lyon papers. For more information on contributors see the Clements Library card catalog.

Biographical / Historical:

Senator and government surveyor Lucius Lyon (1800-1851) was born in Shelburne, Vermont, on February 26, 1800. He trained as a civil engineer, and in 1821 moved to Bronson, Michigan, to survey public lands in what is now Illinois, Michigan, and Wisconsin. The 1833 Territorial Democratic Convention elected Lyon its non-voting representative in the United States Congress, and he served in the state constitutional convention in 1835. Michigan elected him their first United States senator, an office he held from 1837 to 1839. During that time Lyon also served on the board of regents at the University of Michigan. He helped settle the border dispute between Ohio and Michigan over Toledo, and orchestrated the admission of the Upper Peninsula to the state. Instead of seeking reelection in 1839, Lyon moved to Grand Rapids, Michigan, and accepted an appointment as Indian commissioner at La Pointe, Wisconsin. Lyon served one term as a Democrat in the Twenty-eighth Congress (1843-1845), and President Polk appointed him surveyor general for Ohio, Indiana, and Michigan, a position he held from 1845 to 1850.

During his career, Lyon purchased extensive tracts of land in Michigan and Wisconsin. In his many roles, he advocated for a variety of internal improvements: the Detroit water works; the Galena, Illinois, lead mines; the development of St. Joseph Harbor; and the promotion of building canals and railroads in Michigan. He helped establish sinking salt wells near Grand Rapids, pioneered raising sugar beets on one of his farms, and supported the development of Michigan's banking and logging industries. His interests included new agricultural methods, educational movements, Swedenborgianism, temperance, and Indian affairs. Lyon never married; he died in Detroit, Michigan, on September 24, 1851.

Acquisition Information:

1941. M-416, M-443.1, M-1258b .

Custodial History:

Donated to the University of Michigan by Caroline Portman Campbell in 1925, and transferred to the Clements in 1941.

Processing information:

Cataloging funded by the National Endowment for the Humanities (NEH) and the "We the People" project.

Arrangement:

This collection is organized into six series:

• Series I: Correspondence
  • Subseries I: Chronological Correspondence
  • Subseries II: Typescript Copies
  • Subseries III: Caroline Portman Campbell and James H. Campbell Correspondence
• Series II: Native American Treaty Documents
  • Subseries I: 1837 Treaty
    • Sub-subseries I: Article 3 Claims
    • Sub-subseries II: Article 4 Claims
  • Subseries II: Other Treaty Documents
• Series III: Notebooks, Recipe Books, and Writings
• Series IV: Land, Legal, Business, and Financial Papers
  • Subseries I: Chronological Land, Legal, Business, and Financial Papers
  • Subseries II: Financial Bundles
  • Petitions
• Series V: Printed Items and Ephemera
• Series VI: Miscellaneous

Rules or Conventions:

Finding aid prepared using Describing Archives: A Content Standard (DACS)

Related

Additional Descriptive Data:

In addition to this finding aid, the Clements Library has created a List of Contributors for the Lucius Lyon papers. For more information on contributors see the Clements Library card catalog.

Alternate Locations

The following two maps are housed in the Clements Library Map Division:

• A Plot of Nine Towns of Jackson County and Three of Calhoun with Some of the Leading Roads: Roads Marked by Too Lines And Dotted. 1830.
• Burr, David H. Map of the Territory of Wisconsin. Washington: U.S. Congress, 1836.

The following books and pamphlets are located in the Clements Library Book Division:

• Lyon, Lucius, and Samuel Finley Vinton. Letters of Lucius Lyon, Delegate in Congress From Michigan, And Samuel F. Vinton, of the Delegation in Congress From Ohio, to the Honorable Lewis Williams, Chairman of the Committee on Territories, Respecting the Boundary Line Between Ohio and Michigan: Also, the Report of Said Committee on the Subject of Admitting Michigan Into the Union. Washington: Printed by Gales & Seaton, 1834.
• Lyon, Lucius. A Communication Addressed to Members of the United States' Senate: And Laid On Their Tables, While the Bill Establishing the Northern Boundary of the State of Ohio Was Under Consideration In That Body. Washington: Printed by Gales and Seaton, 1834.
• Lyon, Lucius. In Senate of the United States. June 7, 1838. Agreeably to Notice, Mr. Lyon Asked And Obtained Leave to Bring In the Following Bill ... June 8, 1838. Reported Without Amendment. A Bill to Create the Office of Surveyor of Public Lands for the State of Michigan. Washington, 1838.
• Lyon, Lucius. In Senate of the United States. December 11, 1837. Agreeably to Notice, Mr. Lyon Asked And Obtained Leave to Bring In the Following Bill...January 9, 1838. Reported With Amendments ... A Bill to Create an Additional Land Office in the State of Michigan, And for Other Purposes.... Washington, 1838.
• Ames, James Rubens. The Legion of Liberty: And Force of Truth, Containing the Thoughts, Words, and Deeds, of Some Prominent Apostles, Champions and Martyrs. Pictures and Poetry ... Illustrated With Engravings. Sold at the Office of the American A.S. Society, 143 Nassau St. New York, and at the offices of the other Anti-slavery periodicals and depositories, 1844.
• Information to Persons Having Business to Transact at the Patent Office. Washington: J. & G. S. Gideon, printers, 1842.
• Dialogue Between a One Thousand Dollar Clerk and a Member of Congress. Washington: J. Gideon, Jr., printer, 1836.
• Hough, Sabin. Remarks on the 'Revelations' of A.J. Davis, Clairvoyant. Columbus, Ohio: Published by William Siebert, 1848.
• List of Military Bounty Land Warrants, Improperly Issued by the Commissioner of Pensions, and Subsequently Cancelled or Suspended by that Officer.... Washington: Gideon and Company, 1850.
• Proceedings of the Fifth Annual Meeting ... Held in Jackson, Michigan, June 2d, 1875: Official Report. Detroit: Free Press Book and Job Printing House, 1875.
• Biographical Sketches of the Democratic Candidates for the Presidency and Vice Presidency.... 1844.
• Crane, Silas A. Christian Truths And Motives, the Surest Basis and Best Means of Education: An Address Delivered at the Graduating of the First Medical Class in Kemper College. Saint Louis: Printed by Chambers & Knapp, 1841.
• De Charms, Richard. A Discourse on the True Nature of Freedom and Slavery: Delivered Before the Washington Society of the New Jerusalem, in View of the One Hundred And Eighteenth Anniversary of Washington's Birth. Philadelphia: J.H. Jones, 1850.
• Stockton, Robert Field. Letter of Commodore Stockton on the Slavery Question. New York: S.W. Benedict, 1850.
• A Bill to Ascertain the Losses At Detroit and the Adjacent Country During the Late War. Washington, 1832.
• Treaty Between the United States of America and the Chippewa Nation of Indians. Concluded July 29, 1837--ratified June 15, 1838. Washington, 1838.
• Lincoln, Abraham. An Address Delivered by Abraham Lincoln, Before the Springfield Washingtonian Temperance Society: At the Second Presbyterian Church, Springfield, Illinois, On the 22d Day of February, 1842. Springfield, Ill.: O.H. Oldroyd, publisher, 1889.
• Report of the Committee on State Affairs, in Relation to the Annexation of Texas to the Union, &c. 1838.
• J.F. Stratton, S. Neale, And Orin White. February 24, 1832...Mr. Plummer From the Committee on the Public Lands... Made the Following Report.... Washington, 1832.
• Losses At Detroit, &c. March 17, 1832. Mr. Johnson, of Kentucky, from the Select Committee ... Made the Following Report.... Washington, 1832.
• Treaty Between the United States of America And the Chiefs And Delegates of the Ottawa And Chippewa Nations of Indians. Concluded March 11 (i.e. 28) 1836--ratified May 27, 1836. Washington, 1836.
• Treaty Between the United States of America and the Chiefs of the Swan Creek and Black River Bands of the Chippewa Nation. Concluded May 9, 1836--ratified May 20, 1836. Washington, 1836.
• In Senate of the United States. June 25, 1838. Amendment Proposed by Mr. Clay, of Alabama, to the Bill, (S. 356,) Entitled "An Act to Create the Office of Surveyor of Public Lands for the State of Michigan," Viz: Add the Following as a New Section .... Washington, 1838.
• Lundy, Benjamin. The Anti-Texass [sic] Legion: Protest of Some Free Men, States and Presses Against the Texass [sic] Rebellion, Against the Laws of Nature and of Nations ... 1844. Sold At the Patriot Office, No. 9 Exchange St. Albany.

The following broadsides are located in the Clements Library Book Division:

• Davies, William. Circular. Dear Sir,--You Will Allow Me to Introduce ... the Following Valuable Hair Restorative ... Balm of Virginia ... Restore the Hair Upon Any Person's Head Living ... Sold Wholesale And Retail by Wm. Davies, No. 26, N. Liberty St., Baltimore. Baltimore, 1837.
• Ellis & Thayer, Detroit (Mich.). Homoepathic Treatment of Cholera, and its Prevention: The Following Recommendations Adopted by the Cincinnati Homoepathic Physicians, We Cordially Recommend to Our Friends. Detroit: Munfer & Pattison, 183-.
• Field, George. Detroit, Mich., Dec'r. 1st, 1848: To the Members of the Michigan And Northern Indiana Association of the New Church, And Others ... The Time for Our Seventh Annual Meeting Being Near at Hand... On Friday, Saturday And Sunday, the 2d, 3d And 4th of February Next .... Detroit, 1848.
• Harrison, B. I. Port of Louisville, Nov. 20th. 1833. Sir: Permit Me to Trouble You With the Perusal of...This Letter. I Am the Custom-house Officer at this Port.... 1833.
• Kilbourn, Byron. General Land Agency, In Wisconsin, Office At the Corner of Chesnut And Third Streets, Milwaukee: Having Been Engaged In the Surveys of Wisconsin Territory... I Feel Competent to Give to the Emigrant And to the Speculator, Such Information As May Enable Them to Purchase Lands Advantageously... May 1, 1836. Milwaukee, 1836.
• Lyon, Lucius. For Sale At a Bargain!!: The House and Lot (containing One Fourth of an Acre of Ground) Recently Owned and Occupied by Asa Lyon, Deceased ... [Signed] Lucius Lyon. Burlington, April 12, 1851. Burlington, Vermont, 1851.
• Lyon, Lucius. Ypsilanti Village Lots at Auction: On Friday, the 8th Day of June Next. The Subscriber, One of the Proprietors of the Villiage of Ypsilanti ... Will Offer for Sale ... the Part of Said Village Owned by Him, Consisting of about One Hundred Lots.... Detroit, Chipman & Seymour, 1827.
• Paimboeuf, Louis. Circular. Paimboeuf's Fire-proof Paint ..: Washington, December 9, 1836... [and] March 1, 1837...Having Made My Second Public Experiment Under the Superintendence and Direction of Dr. Thomas P. Jones.... Washington, 1837.
• Young, Richard M. Law And General Agency Office: Richard M. Young, (late Commissioner of the General Land Office,) Has Opened an Office in Washington City, and Will Devote his Attention to the Practice of Law And the Prosecution of Claims Before Congress ... Washington City, March 20, 1850 .... Washington, 1850.
• White, Philo. Wisconsin Pioneer. It is Proposed to Publish a Newspaper, With the Above Title, in the New City of Milwaukee, Wisconsin Territory: It is Requested that Subscription Papers May Be Returned to Solomon Juneau, Esq., Post-master at This Place... Milwaukee, (Wis. Ter.) March, 1837. Milwaukee, 1837.
• By the President of the United States. In Pursuance of Law, I, Martin Van Buren.. Hereby Declare And Make Known That Public Sales Will Be Held...In the State of Michigan...At Detroit, On Monday, the Fifth Day of November Next for the Disposal of the Public Lands...At the Land Office At Genesee, On Monday, the Nineteenth Day of November Next...At Ionia, On Monday, the Fifteenth Day of October Next.... Washington, 1838.
• Circular to Registers and Receivers....
• Democratic Republican Convention: On Monday, the 18th Inst. the Delegates... Met At the Mansion House in the City of Detroit...This Convention...Recommend [John R. Williams]...as Delegate, and Solicit for Him the Suffrages of the Democratic Republicans of the Territory... [Signed] H.B. Brevoort, Chairman; James Q. Adams, Secretary. Detroit, April 18, 1831. Detroit, 1831.
• Fort Wayne, May 22, 1843. Sir:--The Citizens of Ohio and Indiana, Living Upon the Line of the Wabash & Erie Canal, Intend Celebratin ...the Completion of This Important Work, On the 4th of July Next.... Fort Wayne, 1843.
• Message of the Acting Governor: To the Legislative Council of the Territory of Michigan: I Herewith Communicate for Your Action the Returns of the Census of the Territory.... Detroit, Sheldon McKnight, 1834.
• Office of the National Intelligencer, Washington, March 27, 1837: Sir: The Encouragement Given to the Register of Debates by the House of Representatives...Has Determined Us to Proceed with That Work .... Washington, 1837.
• The Old Countryman, and English, Irish, Scotch, Welsh And Colonial Mirror, (the Only Similar Publication In the United States.) Is Published Every Thursday Morning, at 57 Frankfort Street, New York.... New York, 1832.
• Railroad Journal, Mechanics' Magazine, And New-York Farmer, (extra): Dear Sir--We Take the Liberty of Forwarding a Statement of Your Account.... New-York, 1837.
• Specification of the Method of Grading Or Forming the Road-bed on the New York And Albany Railroad. 1841.
• To the Honorable, the Convention of Delegates Assembled at Lansing, to Revise the Constitution of the State of Michigan: The Undersigned Memorialists...Pray Your Honorable Body to Insert in the Constitution a Provision Making it the Duty of the Legislature to Endeavor to Obtain from the United States...a Cession to this State, of all the Unsold and Unappropriated Public Lands Lying Within its Limits.... 1850.
• To the Senate And House of Representatives of the United States in Congress Assembled: The Memorial of the Undersigned, Citizens of Michigan, would Respectfully Represent;--That a Design Having Been Formed for Severing From the Southern Border of Michigan a Large Portion of its Most Valuable Territory .... Washington, 1836.
• Veto Message: To the House of Representatives of the United States...Sept. 9, 1841. Detroit, 1841.
• Virginia State Lottery, for the Benefit of Monongalia Academy, Class No. 53, for 1850: to be Drawn at Alexandria, Va., On Saturday the 11th of May, 1850. J.W. Maury & Co., Managers. 1850.

Related Materials

The Following Clements Library collections contain items to or from Lucius Lyon:

• The Beeson family papers
• The Lewis Cass papers
• The Croghan family papers
• The Fenno-Hoffman family papers
• The Henry C. Gilbert papers
• The Michigan collection
• The Asher Robbins papers
• The John R. Williams papers

The Clements Library holds two additional maps created by Lyon:

• Lyon, Lucius. Sketch of the Public Surveys in Michigan. Washington, D.C., U.S. Congress, 1849.
• Lyon, Lucius. Sketch of the State of Michigan, Showing Districts Embraced in Contracts for Township Lines North of Grand & Saganaw Rivers. Washington, D.C., U.S. Congress, 1849.

The following institutions have collections with material relating to Lucius Lyon:

• Papers of John Johnson, Billings Special Collections, University of Vermont
• Lyon Family Papers, Bentley Historical Library, University of Michigan
• Lucius Lyon Papers, Grand Rapids History Center
• Lucius Lyon Correspondence, Library of Congress, Washington, D.C.
• Lucius Lyon Maps and Collection, Clarke Historical Library, Central Michigan University
• Lucius Lyon Papers, Detroit Public Library

The following institutions have collections with material relating to Caroline Campbell

• Caroline Belzora Campbell Papers, Bentley Historical Library, University of Michigan
• Caroline Belzora Campbell Visual Materials, Bengley Historical Library, University of Michigan
• Caroline P. Campbell Papers, Grand Rapids History Center

Bibliography

Lane, Kit. Lucius Lyon: an Eminently Useful Citizen. Douglas, Michigan: Pavilion Press, 1991.

Schenck, Theresa M. All Our Relations: Mixed-Blood Chippewa and the Treaty of 1837. Madison, Wisconsin: Amik Press, 2009.

Other Finding Aids:

In addition to this finding aid, the Clements Library has created a List of Contributors for the Lucius Lyon papers and a preliminary list of individuals associated with the treaty claims documents. For more information see the Clements Library card catalog or consult with staff.

Alternative Form Available:

This collection has been partially microfilmed

Subjects

Click on terms below to find any related finding aids on this site.

Subjects:

Articles of a Treaty Made at Chicago (1833)
Choctaw Indians.
Dakota Indians.
Fox Indians.
Ho-Chunk Indians.
Indians of North America--Michigan.
Indians of North America--Mixed Descent.
Lakota Indians.
Legislators--United States.
Lumbering--Michigan.
Ojibwa Indians.
Oneida Indians.
Pioneers--Michigan.
Postal service--United States.
Potawatomie Indians.
Sauk Indians.
Seminole Indians.
Seminole War, 2nd, 1835-1842.
Shawnee Indians.
Smallpox.
Toledo War, 1835.
Vaccination.
Winnebago Indians.

Formats:

Accounts.
Claims.
Deeds.
Legal documents.
Letters (correspondence)
Notebooks.
Petitions.
Powers of attorney.
Receipts (financial records)
Wills.

Names:

Chippewa Tribe. Treaties, etc. United States, 1837 July 29.
Democratic Party (Mich.)
Michigan. Constitutional Convention (1835)
United States. Surveyor General.
United States. Congress. House.
United States. Congress. Senate.
Tenskwatawa, Shawnee Prophet.
Adams, John Quincy, 1767-1848.
Baird, Henry S. (Henry Samuel), 1800-1875.
Barry, William T. (William Taylor), 1785-1835.
Bates, George C., d. 1886.
Beeson, Jacob, 1807-1885.
Benton, Thomas Hart, 1782-1858.
Biddle, John, 1789-1859.
Blake, Thomas H. (Thomas Holdsworth), 1792-1849.
Bockee, Abraham, 1784-1865.
Bridge, Henry P., 1808-1884.
Brown, Ethan Allen, 1776-1852.
Brown, John W., 1796-1875.
Brown, Solyman, 1790-1876.
Burt, William Austin, 1792-1858.
Bush, George, 1796-1859.
Butler, Benjamin F. (Benjamin Franklin), 1795-1858.
Butler, Charles, 1802-1897.
Calhoun, John C. (John Caldwell), 1782-1850.
Cambreleng, Churchill Caldom, 1786-1862.
Cass, George Washington, 1810-1888.
Cass, Lewis, 1782-1866.
Catlin, George Smith, 1808-1851.
Chase, Philander, 1775-1852.
Child, David Lee, 1794-1874.
Clark, Robert, 1777-1837.
Clark, Samuel, 1810-1875.
Clayton, John M. (John Middleton), 1796-1856.
Comstock, O. C. (Oliver Cromwell), 1780-1860.
Cramer, John, 1779-1870.
Croghan, George, 1791-1849.
Croswell, Edwin, 1797-1871.
Dodge, Augustus C. (Augustus Caesar), 1812-1883.
Doty, James Duane, 1799-1865.
Drake, Daniel, 1785-1852.
Ellsworth, Henry Leavitt, 1791-1858.
Elmer, Lucius Q. C. (Lucius Quintius Cincinnatus), 1793-1883.
Farnsworth, Elon, 1799-1877.
Felch, Alpheus, 1804-1896.
Fillmore, Millard, 1800-1874.
Fish, Hamilton, 1808-1893.
Foote, Luman, 1794-1876.
Forsyth, John, 1780-1841.
Gardner, Charles K. (Charles Kitchell), 1787-1869.
Grimké, Thomas Smith, 1786-1834.
Hagner, Peter, 1772-1850.
Hall, Frederick, 1780-1843.
Hall, Hiland, 1795-1885.
Hobbie, Selah Reeve, 1797-1854.
Houghton, Douglass, 1809-1845.
Howard, Jacob Merritt, 1805-1871.
Hubbard, Bela, 1814-1896.
Hubbard, Henry, 1784-1857.
Johnson, Edwin Ferry, 1803-1872.
Johnson, Richard M. (Richard Mentor), 1780-1850.
Jones, George Wallace, 1804-1896.
Kendall, Amos, 1789-1869.
Lansing, Gerrit Yates, 1783-1862.
Lawson, Thomas, 1781?-1861.
Lee, Gideon, 1778-1841.
Lewis, Winslow, 1770-1850.
Littlejohn, Flavius J. (Flavius Josephus), 1804-1880.
Locke, John, 1792-1856.
Lothrop, G. V. N. (George Van Ness), 1817-1897.
Lowrie, Walter, 1784-1868.
Loyall, George, 1789-1868.
Lyon, Lucius, 1800-1851.
Lyon, Lucretia, 1807-1893.
Macomb, Alexander, 1782-1841.
Mapes, James J. (James Jay), 1806-1866.
Marcy, William L. (William Learned), 1786-1857.
Martin, M. L. (Morgan Lewis), 1805-1887.
Mason, Stevens Thomson, 1811-1843.
McCarty, William Mason, ca. 1789-1863.
McClelland, Robert, 1807-1880.
McKeon, John, 1808-1883.
McLean, John, 1785-1861.
McNeil, John, 1784-1850.
Medill, William, 1802-1865.
Moore, Hiram.
Morell, George, 1786-1845.
Morris, Charles, 1784-1856.
Mullett, John, 1786-1862.
Noble, Charles, 1797-1874.
Owen, Robert Dale, 1801-1877.
Parker, Daniel, 1782-1846.
Parker, James, 1776-1868.
Paulding, James Kirke, 1778-1860.
Penrose, Charles Bingham, 1798-1857.
Pierce, Franklin, 1804-1869.
Pitcher, Zina, 1797-1872.
Ransom, Epaphroditus, 1799-1859.
Rathbun, G. (George), 1803-1870.
Risdon, Orange, 1786-1876.
Stuart, C. E. (Charles Edward), 1810-1887.
Stuart, Robert, 1785-1848.
Thompson, Alexander Ramsay, 1793-1837.
Trowbridge, C. C. (Charles Christopher), 1800-1883.
Van Buren, Martin, 1782-1862.
Webster, Daniel, 1782-1852.
Wickliffe, C. A. (Charles Anderson), 1788-1869.

Places:

Benton Harbor (Mich.)
Detroit (Mich.)
Grand Rapids (Mich.)
Illinois--History--1778-1865.
Indiana--History.
Ionia (Mich.)
Michigan--History--To 1850.
Ohio--Boundaries--Michigan.
Ohio--History.
Saginaw Chippewa Indian Tribe of Michigan.
Sioux Nation.
United States--History--War of 1812.
United States--Politics and government--1815-1861.
Wisconsin--History.