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Founding editor of Esquire magazine; collection is a mix of personal papers and business records, biographical information, personal correspondence with or about many of the authors who contributed to the magazine, speeches and photographs.

The Gingrich papers consists of a mixture of personal and office files detailing the management of Esquire magazine and Gingrich's various other interests and activities. The collection, consisting of correspondence, speeches, photographs, and subject files, should be used in conjunction with the files of Esquire Magazine which came to the library at the same time but with a separate deed of gift. The two collections together are indispensable for any study of Esquire, Gingrich's career as a publisher, and the influence of Gingrich on the careers of some of America's most important literary figures of the twentieth century.

The collection consists of material collected and written by Virginia Kjolhede's mother, Marion Kraft Larson, about her school mate Ernest Hemingway and the Hemingway family, and the papers and photographs of Virginia's husband, Ted Kjolhede, respected athlete, alumni, coach, and athletic director of Central Michigan University.

The collection is divided into two series, each in its own box: first the materials of Ted Kjolhede, and second, the materials of Marion Kraft Larson. Materials in each box are in alphabetical and chronological order. Acidic clippings were photocopied and the originals were withdrawn from the collection.

Series (Box) 1 consists of materials documenting the life of Ted Kjolhede, including biographical materials, photographs of his athletic career and teams, articles and letters to the editors he wrote, many of which were published in his role as guest columnist of the local Mount Pleasant newspaper, the Morning Sun, and various materials related to CMU athletics, CMU World War II graduates, and his career at CMU.

Series (Box) 2 consists mostly of newspaper and magazine articles (copies) collected or created by Marion Kraft Larson about Ernest Hemingway. Also included are a few biographical materials about Marion. Of particular interest, is her Memory Book of Oak Park and River Forest Township High School, 1917, signed by Ernest and Marcelline Hemingway, among others, and her 1972 paper about her memories of Ernest and other Hemingways, entitled “Yes, I Knew Ernest Hemingway.” There is one undated, color photograph of Marion, and a photograph album, 1912-1913, probably of her primary school mates. Also included is one oversized photograph of the Oak Park and River Forest Township High School graduation class, 1917.

The collection, which is on DEPOSIT, consists mostly of 208 letters between Marjorie Bump Main and Donald St. John, 1987-1964, initially focused on her memories of and relationship with Ernest Hemingway.

The correspondence, 1965-1974, is organized in alphabetical and chronological order. First is Don’s correspondence with Marjorie Bump Main, 1966-1974, consisting of 208 mostly letter-size letters and a questionnaire. A few letters from Georgianna Main Dickinson to Don are mixed into the November-December 1974 correspondence. One folder includes legal-size letters, April-November 1967. Also included is one folder of correspondence from John J. McCune to his friends Don and Ruth St. John, September-October 1965 and January 1974. A folder with a two photographs of Marjorie and one of a man, probably her husband, Sid Main, unidentified and undated, [1966] copies of 1920s-1930s photographs, completes the collection.

COPYRIGHT NOTE: All physical and intellectual property rights (copyright) remain with the Michigan Hemingway Society as of the deposit agreement of Oct. 10, 2016.

The initial focus of the correspondence between Don and Marjorie, was Ernest Hemingway and his relationship with Marjorie, and what she remembered about him, his family, and related events. These letters and a questionnaire span November 1966- January 1967. As Don’s and Marjorie’s friendship developed by February 1967, their correspondence quickly became an exchange between friends, more personal, and less about the Hemingway family.

Hemingway scholars have found discrepancies between information in Georgianna’s book and Marjorie’s letters to Don St. John. Without the correspondence between Marjorie and Ernest it is impossible to verify what their real relationship was and if the discrepancies are intentional or accidental due to failing memory. Marjorie acknowledged in multiple letters that some of her memories were not as clear as they might have been in the past, that she had pushed them to the back of her mind, and that writing to Don gave her some clarity while remembering old memories. In several of her letters Marjorie wrote that she was “trying hard to remember the truth about things” that had happened so long ago (Marjorie letter of January 13, 1967).

Marjorie always signed her letters M. Her letters are either handwritten or typed, and her handwriting deteriorated as she aged.

Don’s correspondence to Marjorie is the typed carbons of the letters he sent to her. On January 27, 1967 he sent her a 10 p. questionnaire. Unfortunately, Marjorie answered the questions in blue ink which is seriously faded, rendering it mostly illegible (her response with the questionnaire is undated, probably January 28, 1967). She also added some typed supplementary commentary to her answers which is legible and cited above.

Processing Note: A number of the letters are acidic. Acid-free paper has been placed in between each of the pages of the letters to help absorb acid and slow deterioration.

Descriptions in Marjorie’s correspondence:

Marjorie described herself in 1919 as:

an immature, sheltered girl of thirteen (Marjorie letter of December 1, 1966), having “extreme youthful naivety combined with hero worship and adoration.” (Marjorie letter of January 16, 1967)

Ernest and Marjorie’s relationship with him:

Marjorie felt Ernest was associated with the arts and emotion and therefore “was way over my head.” She wrote to Ernest during the war and sent him a sweater, as each girl in school wrote to a soldier, and that he wrote to her occasionally during the war (Marjorie letter of January 13, 1967).

“Ernest … was the first boy to take [her] to parties, dances, ball games, etc…it was like having a brother … He started her first real interest in reading…read his own first stories aloud.” She remembered their relationship as a “very good brother-sister relationship.” (Marjorie letter January 26, 1967)

Ernest kissed her gently a few days before he left for Toronto in 1920 (she does not give a specific day when this happened (Marjorie supplemental response to Don St. John’s questionnaire, undated, probably January 28, 1967).

As example of his brotherly concern for her, Marjorie recalled how Ernest drove Marjorie and Helen from Marjorie’s home to Charlevoix to get ice cream one night because he thought they needed protection and should not go there alone at night. Ernest told her he wished he could sit with her every Christmas in 1919; he told her to forgive friends; to not be humble with men; that he only enjoyed church if he went with someone he cared about; and that he did not want anyone to agree with him about his negative family relationships. She felt he was a positive influence on her life and education and that he always behaved respectfully with her (Marjorie letter of January 15, 1967).

Marjorie remembered Ernest was the brother she never had, and that they loved each other “as a person with an understanding spirit” only. She also noted that Ernest wanted his women to drink a lot and one drink for her was enough. Her mother treated Ernest well and he liked her in 1919 (Marjorie letter of December 1, 1966).

She believed that Ernest invented an image of himself that was very different from the young man she knew in Petoskey. She wrote that Ernest was like a big brother, even when he took Marjorie to a few high school dances and parties, and that he read his stories to her and they were both sad when they were rejected by publishers (Marjorie letter of December 3, 1966).

Ernest, Marjorie wrote, contributed to “her character development. He hated anything of show or pretense.” (Marjorie Letter of December 4, 1966). Ernest “taught me to look at faces and not clothes or position in society.” (Marjorie letter of January 16, 1967)

Their possible engagement:

Marjorie denied that they were ever engaged, that the thought of their engagement was only “gossip of a small town,” and that her mother would never have started such a rumor (Marjorie letter of December 4, 1966).

Any thought that Ernest wanted to marry her she thought was “a passing thought” that she believed first arose in his minds when he saw her in Florida (Marjorie letter of December 1, 1966).

Ernest kissed her gently a few days before he left for Toronto at an unspecified date (Marjorie supplemental commentary to questionnaire, undated, probably January 28, 1967)

Ernest and his “spiteful” stories about her and her mother:

Marjorie felt Don read too much into the fictional relationship in “The End of Something,” that all she and Ernest ever were was friends, they parted as friends, and she did not know why he wrote what he wrote in the story. She noted there was never any possibility their friendship would develop beyond friendship as she was not into emotional relationships in 1919 and planned on attending college (Marjorie letter of January 6, 1967).

She remembered that Ernest became mad when her mother was against their friendship (no specific date is give) so he wrote “In Our Time” out of spite. Afterwards he asked them to forgive it (the story) and they did. (Marjorie letter of December 3, 1966).

Later, Marjorie chose not to attend the wedding Ernest and Hadley’s wedding in the summer of 1921 because Ernest did not invite Marjorie’s mother (Marjorie letter of January 28, 1967).

Referring to the Hemingway stories with a female named Marjorie in them, she recalled ‘The stories Ernest wrote were a blow, but not a deep one.” (Marjorie letter January 26, 1967)

Ernest’s relationship with his parents:

Marjorie believed Ernest chose to hate his mother, Mrs. Hemingway, because of her lack of interest in him, and that he later transferred this rejection to Marjorie’s mother. She felt that he enjoyed the fact that his stories and divorce shocked his parents. They considered divorce a “disgrace.” Marjorie believed that Ernest changed after he married, that drinking alcohol made him [in his opinion] a better writer and made him tough and strong, like he wanted to be. Marjorie believed Ernest killed himself because he could not endure the memories of the persona he had created when he was told to stop drinking (Marjorie Letter of December 4, 1966).

Last visit/ Marjorie’s destruction of Ernest’s letters:

In 1939 Ernest visited Marjorie and her husband, Sid, at their home in their then Ormand Beach, Florida. (There is no reference to any contact or communication between them since their last phone call prior to December 1922.) Ernest liked her husband and children and wrote her twice after their visit. Marjorie recalled that during the visit Sid had to buy more alcohol for Ernest and that Ernest’s driver helped her cook some liver. She recalled it was all the food they had in the house for Ernest to eat during the visit, which makes it sound like a surprise visit (Marjorie letters of December 3 and 4, 1966). Don did some research and found the driver who recalled that Sid bought both alcohol and the liver after Ernest arrived (Don letter of Dec. 6, 1966). From the driver’s recollection it sounds like the visit may have been planned but Ernest preferred liver which she did not have in the house. Marjorie also recalled that Sid liked Hemingway’s stories more than she did (Marjorie letter of December 1, 1966).

Marjorie received a last letter from Ernest after the 1939 visit, which “cleared the air between us” and after that she burned any of his letters (Marjorie supplemental commentary, undated, probably January 28, 1967). She noted that she destroyed his letters to prevent them becoming public property (Marjorie letters of December 3, 1966).

Other Hemingways:

Marjorie remembered Dr. Hemingway fondly and had a good relationship with all the Hemingway girls, especially Ursula. The two of them exchanged letters until Ursula’s death. (Marjorie letter of December 3, 1966).

Mutual neighbors:

The Dilworths and Smiths of Horton Bay are briefly named (Marjorie Letter of December 4, 1966). When Don asked about a falling out between Ernest and Jim Dilworth, Marjorie remembered that “Dilworths agreed with [Ernest’s] parents against him [his shocking stories]. He was fond of them and could hurt everyone through them.” (Marjorie letter of December 4, 1966)

This artificial collection includes articles by or about Hemingway, movie posters, photographs, and 4 reels of film, manuscript letters, printed and miscellaneous materials about Ernest Hemingway and his books, diaries of Ernest's uncle, George R. Hemingway, and the organizational records of the Michigan Hemingway Society.

Materials by and about Ernest Hemingway in the collection include numerous periodicals with Articles by or about Hemingway, his books, and movies based on his books; numerous Movie Posters; other Posters of Hemingway, his homes, books, or exhibits about him; Photographs (copies), mostly from movies based on his books and some from the John F. Kennedy Presidential Library; the (Film) ‘Adventures of a Young Man’, undated (4 reels); Manuscript Correspondence, five Letters written by Hemingway, one to Jim Gamble, April 18 and 27, 1919, one to Howell G. Jenkins, undated [summer 1919]; one to Ernest's father, Dr. Clarence Hemingway, Oct. 28, 1919, one to his mother, Mrs. Grace H. Hemingway, Nov. 12, 1919; and one to his son, J. H. N. Hemingway, dated 2 Feb. 1960, as well as copies of two letters written by Hemingway to Owen Wister dated March 1 and 11, 1929 (the originals are in the Library of Congress). Brochures; Advertisements; Exhibit Brochures; Postcards; Auction Catalogs; Sheet Music; Miscellaneous materials. Biographical Information (copies) and 52 Framed Items for exhibits, including posters, photographs, and other materials.

The letter written by Ernest to “Dear Dad”, dated October 28 9is accompanied by a certificate of authenticity by Ernest Hemingway Mainland dated June 25, 2007. The letter is typed with a signature and handwritten P.S. There are notations on the bottom of the letter “Rec’d 10/31/[1]919 and ans.[wered] 11/1/[1]919 CH [Clarence Hemingway]. The letter is two pages on one sheet of paper, which is folded in half, p. 1 is on top and p. 2 is underneath and upside down compared to p. 1. In the letter, Ernest notes he had a hard trip up the Missouri to Petoskey, when he traveled to Boyne City to visit Wesley, and that with his “typer” he is leaving Thursday for Petoskey. Ernest also notes that he is working on the “Woppian Way” and has read several books. (Note: This letter is housed separately from the rest of the collection.)

Of particular interest is the letter (original six p., and a copy) written by Hemingway on April 18 and 27, 1919 to his friend Jim Gamble, the Proctor and Gamble heir, detailing his desire to write even though submissions for publication were rejected, his dashed hopes for marriage, his hunger for recognition, his love of northern Michigan and trout fishing, and notes about people whose company he enjoyed while staying at Windemere Cottage, near Petoskey, Michigan. During this time, Hemingway was recovering from war wounds and a broken heart. The letter is typed with his signature. Included with the letter are copies of two Hemingway letters to Owen Wister, March 1 (6 p.) and 11 (5 p.), 1929, copied from the Library of Congress, and a letter to Henry M. Watts from Theodore Voorhees, December 11, 1979, concerning the copied letters. (Note: This letter is housed separately from the rest of the collection.)

Also, of note for its’ Michigan fishing connection and because it inspired his short story Big Two-Hearted River, is a six-page letter on blue paper written by Ernest Hemingway and signed “Hem. Hollow Bone Stein”, undated. The date of summer 1919 was written by an unidentified person, on a plain white envelope, which is not the original mailed envelope. In the letter Ernest describes a recent fishing trip to Seney, Michigan, he enjoyed with his friends Jack “Jock” Pentecost and Al Walker, the many large trout they caught on the Fox and Black rivers, being near Pictured Rocks, shooting a deer but not killing it, and fishing with friends Bill, Kate, Jack, and Jack Kate’s aunt, “Madam” Mrs. Joseph William Charles, that Ernest hopes to fish with additional friends in the same area next summer, and that he only has five dollars. (Note: This letter is housed separately from the rest of the collection.)

The letter (original two p. and envelope) written by Hemingway on November 11, 1919, mailed the following day, to his mother, Mrs. Grace H. Hemingway in Oak Park, Illinois, from Petoskey, Michigan. In this letter, Ernest notes how he has been very ill with a bad sore throat, notes Armistice Day, his prayers for the dead, complains of President Wilson robbing the “wops” and mentions Fiume. [Fiume was given to Yugoslavia from Italy.]He notes it is a lovely day, the linotypers are on strike so eastern magazines are not accepting articles, that he sent an article to the Post, that he is reading and working a lot, mentions the Bumps, and sends love to his family. (Note: This letter is housed separately from the rest of the collection.)

The letter from Ernest at Finca Vigia, Cuba, is addressed to his son “Dear Bum,” J. H. N. Hemingway in San Francisco, dated 8 February 1960. It is the only handwritten letter and is accompanied by the envelope, which is also handwritten. In the letter Ernest thanks Bun for his letter, and asks him to check on Christmas gifts, which have not yet arrived, and several addresses. Ernest notes he is very busy working on a piece about bull fights and Death in the Afternoon. He also notes that Mary’s arm is improving with massage and therapy.

Diaries (12), 1938, 1951, of George R. Hemingway, Ernest’s uncle, are also included in the collection. George worked as a representative of the Charlevoix Country Nursery and lived, with his wife, Anna, in East Jordan, Michigan. (This information is from the collection.)

The organizational records, 1990-present, of the Michigan Hemingway Society, including Articles of Incorporations, By-laws, goals and objectives, celebration and conference materials, meeting minutes, financial statements, and other related materials, complete the collection.

While the majority of the collection is in English, some of the movie posters are in French, Italian, Spanish, Danish, Polish, and other languages. The collection is ongoing.

A later addition (Acc# 73683) is three folders donated by Pat Davis. These include 2012 copies of six photographs or postcards of Horton Bay, mainly buildings and scenic views, Correspondence to Wesley about Ernest and Marcelline being in school, 1905, and to Mrs. Dilworth, announcing Ernest’s engagement, 1921, and sheet music, Song of Welcome, by Grace Hall-Hemingway, 1905. Also included is an announcement card that Dr. Clarence E. Hemingway moved his office to 221 Grove Avenue, 1905.The last folder includes newspaper clippings (copies) of Pat Davis, Dilworth House, and how life when Hemingway was there.

A later addition (Acc##77048) is The Woppian Way, A Story, which Ernest typed and then edited by hand in ink and pencil in the summer of 1919 in Michigan. It is believed to be his first attempt at serious fiction, one of his earliest attempts to drawn on real experiences, and is considered a transition story. The story is about an Italian-American prizefighter called Neroni who assumes the nom de guerre of Pickles McCarty. The four leaves are in bad shape, damaged by stains, perhaps mold, with holes, and p. 2 is in two pieces. A three page (copy) of a 1977 news article cites lines from the story which do not appear on these pages. Due to the damage level, the originals are housed in clear, archival photograph sleeves, and color-copies have been included for researchers.

Film ID Number: 67522-1: Format: 16mm, color, optical sound. Size: 1300 ft Physical information: .045” shrinkage. By Katie Zwick and Matt Hood, fall 2019. Overview of scenes: Leader includes old-style countdown. Professional titles. Strong red tint. Miscellaneous information: Copy of 1962 20th Century Fox production of Hemingway’s Adventures of a Young Man, Part 1. Description taken from imdb.com on 10/7/19 – An immature young man from Middle America grows to manhood after a cross-country journey and his military service in WWI. Stars Paul Newman, Diane Baker, and features Sharon Tate. A Jerry Wald production. Miscellaneous note: Some sound has been clipped out, red dye color fade/ deterioration throughout film.

Film ID Number: 67522-2: Format: 16mm, color, optical sound. Size: 1350 ft Physical information: .045” shrinkage. By Katie Zwick and Matt Hood, fall 2019. Overview of scenes: Leader includes old-style countdown. Professional titles. Strong red tint. Miscellaneous information: Copy of 1962 20th Century Fox production of Hemingway’s Adventures of a Young Man, Part 2. Description taken from imdb.com on 10/7/19 – An immature young man from Middle America grows to manhood after a cross-country journey and his military service in WWI. Stars Paul Newman, Diane Baker, and features Sharon Tate. A Jerry Wald production. Miscellaneous note: Some sound has been clipped out, red dye color fade/ deterioration throughout film.

Film ID Number: 67522-3: Format: 16mm, color, optical sound. Size: 1300 ft Physical information: .05” shrinkage. By Katie Zwick and Matt Hood, fall 2019. Overview of scenes: Leader includes old-style countdown. Professional titles. Strong red tint. Miscellaneous information: Copy of 1962 20th Century Fox production of Hemingway’s Adventures of a Young Man. Part 3. Description taken from imdb.com on 10/7/19 – An immature young man from Middle America grows to manhood after a cross-country journey and his military service in WWI. Stars Paul Newman, Diane Baker, and features Sharon Tate. A Jerry Wald production. Miscellaneous note: Some sound has been clipped out, red dye color fade/ deterioration throughout film.

Film ID Number: 67522-4: Format: 16mm, color, optical sound. Size: 1300 ft Physical information: .048” shrinkage. By Katie Zwick and Matt Hood, fall 2019. Overview of scenes: Leader includes old-style countdown. Professional titles. Strong red tint. Miscellaneous information: Copy of 1962 20th Century Fox production of Hemingway’s Adventures of a Young Man, Part 4. Description taken from imdb.com on 10/7/19 – An immature young man from Middle America grows to manhood after a cross-country journey and his military service in WWI. Stars Paul Newman, Diane Baker, and features Sharon Tate. A Jerry Wald production. Miscellaneous note: Some sound has been clipped out, red dye color fade/ deterioration throughout film.

User Note: The collection has a decidedly musty to lightly moldy smell and patrons with allergies or breathing problems should use the collection with care.

Processing Note: Most of the books in the collection are cataloged. Those few books for which no catalog record could be found were added to this manuscript collection. Later Oversized additions will be added at the end of the collection. Note: For encoding purposes the film canisters are listed as Box #8.

This is an artificial collection of research copies of mostly personal correspondence from the Ernest Hemingway collection, Personal Papers, Series 2-4, at the John F. Kennedy Presidential Library.

This is an artificial collection of research copies from the Ernest Hemingway (EH) collection at the John F. Kennedy Presidential Library. This artificial collection is organized like the originals. Series 2 is outgoing correspondence from EH, in chronological order; Series 3 is incoming correspondence, organized alphabetically by the sender’s name, and then in chronological order; and Series 4 is Other Materials (Camping Trip, 1916 Notebook). As is typical with Hemingway correspondence, there are many nicknames and artistic descriptions. All the letters and the notebook are handwritten.

In this artificial collection there is one folder of Series 2 outgoing correspondence (copies) from EH to his parents, sister Marcelline, grandfather A.T. Hemingway, and friends Emily Goetzman, Barney Lawrey, and Grace Quinlan. The letters include news of family, friends, social, family events, and farm activities. EH notes ripe vegetables he harvested and pounds of fish including brook trout he caught and sold to Dilworth. In an April 1919 letter to Lawrey EH state that he is not going to marry. In an Aug. 1921 letter to Marcelline he begs her to come north for his wedding to Hadley.

The majority of this artificial collection is from Series 3, incoming correspondence, organized alphabetically by the sender’s name, and then in chronological order. Most of the letters are from EH’s Michigan friends, including the Dilworths and Marjorie Bump Main. There are also letters from his mother, Grace Hall Hemingway, his grandfather, A.T. Hemingway, and siblings, Ursula and Leicester (including brief notes from siblings Marcelline and Sunny), and from a variety of other friends including Jim Gamble.

His Camping Trip, 1916 notebook from Series 4 includes notes about his trip, fishing, and trip accounts.

Researchers may also be interested in other Hemingway collections and related collections in the Clarke.

Copyright and intellectual rights: Copyright and intellectual rights for Hemingway collections are complex. While this is a research copy collection, researchers should still review the copyright information in the front of the box and the JFK website for this collection at https://www.jfklibrary.org/sites/default/files/archives/EHPP/EHPP-FA.xml.

The collection consists of various photographic materials documenting a variety of Michigan locations, buildings, topics, and people.

The collection consists mostly of glass-plate and black and white film negatives of varying sizes, as well as some matching or related black and white photographs of varying size. There are also slides (4) and color photographs (9). The collection is organized into film negatives, glass-plate negatives, and negatives of Will B. Gregg. Each subseries is then organized alphabetically by topic. Most of the collection is undated, but some are dated 1904-1905, [1920s], 1927-1928, and 1972.

Major topics documented in the collection include the vacation resort communities on Sager’s Resort on Burt Lake; Bryant’s Hotel on Douglas Lake; Torch Lake Camp or Hayo-Went-Ha YMCA camp for boys, 1927-1928; and boat racing in Oden, Michigan [1920s]. Also included are the buildings, nature, people and animals of Boyne City, Charlevoix, Horton Bay, Pickerel Lake, Rosedale, Petoskey, Walloon Lake, as well as tourist sites on Mackinac Island. While a number of prominent people’s homes in Rosedale and Ellis Real Estate advertisements in Rosedale, and cottages at Pickerel Lake are identified, the majority of buildings and people in the collection are not.

People were photographed in both individual portraits and groups, doing a variety of functions including: enjoying picnics, social gatherings, fishing, hunting, driving horse-drawn buggies, sleds, and wagons, playing with pets, having fun, boating, racing boats, and posing with their families. They are also shown working on farms and in the logging business. Other topics documented include various boats, a town, possibly Onaway, a church, numerous houses, a boat livery station, vacation cottages, and some downtown stores, farms, fields, clouds, nature scenes of lakes, rivers, lakeshores, docks, forests, bridges, and piles of lumber. Horses appear in many of the images, as do dogs and cows, but dogs are also featured alone in two portraits.

The Logging, (7), People (7), and Walloon Lake, Michigan (6) Glass-plate Negatives which each measure 6.5x8.5 inches, undated, almost all have two images per plate. Otherwise each negative in the collections is of a single image.

There are also color photographs (9) and slides (4), 1972, generally related to Ernest Hemingway’s life in Horton Bay including images of buildings, a historic plaque, and some photographs of Ernest Hemingway’s family in 1915 photographed from books on Hemingway. For information on Ernest Hemingway see the finding aid for his collection.

The last box includes one folder of prints of images scanned from damaged glass-plate negatives, cellulose nitrate negatives, and a badly crinkled film. The best scan possible was made. The CD has been included with the prints.

Processing Note: Obvious duplicate images were withdrawn from the collection. A number of plates with what appeared to be dried muck and/or mold, plates with severe emulsion damage, and four neon yellow glass-plate negatives, as well as nitrate film negatives and positives on transparent film were scanned and the originals removed from the collection. The scans were added to the collection in order to protect the health of researchers and the chemical stability of the collection.