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The Amos Bradbury papers contain letters largely from Amos Bradbury to his mother Miranda Stanhope and brother Samuel Bradbury, Jr., which provide a valuable account of life in central California during the Gold Rush era.

The Amos Bradbury papers contain 67 letters largely from Amos Bradbury to his mother Miranda Stanhope and brother Samuel Bradbury, Jr., written between 1848 and 1863. His letters provide a valuable account of life in central California during the Gold Rush era. The collection holds 51 letters from Bradbury, 2 early letters from his brother Samuel, 9 letters from his mother, and 4 letters from Bradbury's friend Joseph B. Leonard. The letters track Bradbury’s movements between San Francisco (1850), Stanislaus (1851), Mountain Ranch (1852), Indian Gulch (1853-1857), Stanislaus River (1856-1860), and Mokelumne City, California (1862).

Bradbury’s earliest letters were addressed from Boston, where he worked in the shipping trade as a first mate. He first mentioned the idea of going to California in a letter to his mother from July 11, 1849. By September 28 of that year, he was at sea on his way to California and, by the next letter, dated January 3, 1850, was in Valparaiso, Chile, after traveling around Cape Horn. In his letter of April 28, 1850, written from San Francisco, he stated his intention not to pan for gold, but to start a store near the mines.

Along with Bradbury’s letters from 1850 and 1851 are 4 items from Joseph B. Leonard, Captain of the Boston ship Grotius, who was in San Francisco at the same time as Bradbury. These letters a were addressed to Miranda Stanhope and, for the most part, reported the safety and well being of her son Amos, and described some of the dangers of California life. Leonard's son, and a man named George Moore, accompanied Bradbury to the mines.

Amos settled in Stanislaus, California, in early 1851. In his letter of March 13, 1851, he described women near the mines: "Excepting indian squaws they are very numerous, although not any handsome." By 1852, Amos was running a successful public house in Mountain Branch, California, with George Moore, though by the end of the year, their business partner had abandoned the establishment. By early 1853, Amos owned three claims around Indian Gulch, California, and expressed renewed confidence to his family that he would discover gold. In his letter to his brother Samuel, of February 10, 1853, he explained the work involved in prospecting. On February 22, 1853, however, he mentioned to his mother that he was finding little gold. He continued prospecting this plot for a number of years and in the November 5, 1854, letter wrote "the height of my ambition is to get gold enough to make us all comfortable."

Bradbury scraped by on meager findings over the next five years. As early as July 13, 1860, in a letter to his brother, he mentioned the idea of running a ferry on the Stanislaus River, and by April 22, 1862, Bradbury reported to his mother that he had, in fact, pursued this line of work in Mokelumne City, California. By then he had made two trips up to Lockeford, California, which was 60 miles further up stream than any steamer had gone before. In his next letter, he mentioned that he had been made master of the Pert and intended to travel to San Francisco on a weekly basis. Bradbury was also master of the steamer the Fanny Ann (August 14, 1863). By February 25, 1863, he discussed buying a store, and that he had chopped off his "little toe."

This collection also includes 9 letters from Miranda Stanhope, Amos's mother, who expressed relief at hearing of her son’s good health, and shared news from Old Town, Maine. Her letters are emotional and demonstrate deeply-held religious beliefs. These letters may be unsent drafts, since they rarely contain signatures or addresses, and some of them are unfinished and two are undated. Of note is her letter to Amos of June 15, 1863, in which she discussed "the beautiful war" and the effect it has had on "the poor Negroes…[who] tear with their teeth, when deprived of their arms. Their very instinct, prompts to liberty or death." She went on at length about the desire of the Southerners to "perpetuate slavery...the worst system the world ever knew" and described slavery as an eternal sin: "Yes greatly have they injured us; but theirs is infinite, not ours."

The lone item in the Miscellaneous series is a two-page document written by Bradbury, which is possibly a fragment or draft of a letter, which is dated but not directed to a specific person.

This collection contains a letter, journal, and sketchbook belonging to Midshipman Edwin Osgood Carnes, who sailed along the South American coast and to Japan with the United States Navy in the early 1850s. The letter, from a friend in San Francisco, California, describes the author's financial situation and recent employment history.

This collection contains a letter, a journal, and a sketchbook belonging to Midshipman Edwin Osgood Carnes, pertaining to his service in the United States Navy in the early 1850s.

The letter, signed "Bill H." and dated April 6, 1853, is three pages long and describes the author's financial situation and "real California life" in San Francisco. Bill mentioned his recent employment at a quartz mine and brickyard, and went into detail about his finances, offering Carnes the use of his bank account after the sailor's return to California.

The journal (71 pages), kept by Edwin Osgood Carnes between 1850 and 1851, chronicles his service on the USS Falmouth (January 4, 1850-May 24, 1850, pp.1-24) and on the United States Store Ship Fredonia (May 25, 1850-January 18, 1851, pp. 31-68); he also intended to keep a journal of his time on board the USS Porpoise, beginning in June 1853, but wrote no entries following the emph page (pp. 69-71). Carnes kept a daily chart of wind type, speed, and direction; weather conditions; and barometric readings, applying a personal set of abbreviations to the wind and weather. Entries from his time on the Fredonia also track the ship's daily latitude and longitude. The Falmouth, commanded by Thomas Petigree, left San Francisco on January 4, 1850, and traveled along the western coasts of the United States and Mexico, stopping at several islands along the way. Occasional notes record encounters with other ships, most frequently English or American vessels, and on one occasion the ship "Saluted the Mexican flag with 21 guns. It was returned" (March 4, 1850). Carnes was reassigned to the Fredonia on May 24, 1850; the ship sailed around Cape Horn to the Atlantic Ocean and north to Sandy Hook, New Jersey. During this journey, Carnes mentioned observing the national salutes celebrating the Chilean Independence Day (September 18, 1850) and lowering the Fredonia's flags to half-mast to honor deceased President Zachary Taylor (September 25, 1850). He included several illustrations of scenery, naval personnel, and the logo of the Porpoise for its 1853 surveying and exploring expedition.

The sketchbook contains 8 drawings, primarily in pencil, portraying several islands near Japan, a naval officer, and "a patent 'quick working,' 'time saving' steam sextant." For lists of illustrations in the journal and sketchbook, see "Additional Descriptive Data" below.

The Holman-Perkins family collection contains letters that family members and friends wrote to Catherine Holman Perkins and Daniel Perkins of Temple, Maine, in the 1850s and 1860s. Correspondents commented on their lives in Maine and California and sometimes referred to the Civil War.

The Holman-Perkins family collection (72 items) contains material pertaining to Catherine Holman Perkins ("Kate") and Daniel Perkins of Temple, Maine.

The Correspondence series (66 items) contains personal letters that the couple received, including early letters about life in Maine in the mid- to late 1850s. During the Civil War, the Perkinses' most frequent correspondents were Isabella Holman, who provided news from Dixfield, Maine; Mary Perkins Woodbury; and William P. Woodbury, who discussed life in Strawberry Valley and San Francisco, California. Correspondents occasionally referred to the draft and to soldiers such as Freeland Holman, who was taken prisoner in 1864 and died in 1865. After the war, Isabella Holman mentioned the administration of Freeland Holman's estate (November 8, 1865).

The Perkinses' other correspondents included friends from Maine; members of the Towle family in Mackford, Wisconsin; and Catherine Holman Perkins's aunt, Rosanna Tibbetts. Betsey Towle commented on political uncertainty following Abraham Lincoln's death (April 28, 1865). Isabella Holman's letter of June 7, 1864, including a small fabric sample, and the envelope for her letter of August 11, 1863 contains inked decorations. Another envelope contains a printed poem about overcoming despair (October 4, 1863).

The Documents and Fragments series (6 items) includes a decorative drawing in green ink, financial records, and an assignment for surveyor Daniel Perkins to amend and repair a road in Temple, Maine (April 15, 1863).

This collection contains letters between Kirk Cunningham of Mobile, Alabama, his wife Mary, and his brother John of Lancaster, Massachusetts. Kirk Cunningham wrote a series of letters to his wife while seeking work in San Francisco, California, in 1854 and 1855, and to his brother while living in Mobile, Alabama, during the years leading up to the Civil War. His letters concern economic matters, philosophy, and politics. John Cunningham wrote about his life in Massachusetts.

This collection (70 items) contains letters between Kirk Cunningham of Mobile, Alabama, his wife Mary, and his brother John of Lancaster, Massachusetts; a few additional letters relate to their extended family in Illinois.

The first 2 letters are addressed to Leonard Farwell of Lancaster, Massachusetts, by William Hall and his nephew Benjamin, who discussed a financial dispute in 1807. A quitclaim deed dated May 29, 1813, relates to land transferred from Isaac Brooks to Samuel Brooks in Worcester County, Massachusetts. The bulk of the remaining correspondence is addressed to or written by Kirk Cunningham, a Scottish immigrant living in Mobile, Alabama, and, briefly, San Francisco, California. On September 10, 1842, he wrote to Mary Waugh of New York City, describing a business venture and urging her to consider his marriage proposal. In a letter dated June 18, 1846, he wrote to his brother John about a man who had accompanied him to Alabama, noting his companion's declining health, death, and burial by a local Jewish merchant.

Between October 18, 1854, and September 13, 1855, Cunningham wrote to his wife Mary and to his brother John while traveling to and living in San Francisco, California, where he unsuccessfully sought work. He described the city and the local economy and discussed financial affairs with his wife. After his return to Mobile, he corresponded most frequently with his brother, who reported back about his health and sometimes discussed religion. Kirk Cunningham suggested remedies for John's health problems, including a diagram of a proposed "shower-bath" (December 26, 1858), and provided news of the southern economy throughout the late 1850s. On May 13, 1855, he noted reading Andrew Jackson Davis's The Great Harmonia (1852); his following letters reflect his growing interest in Spiritualism.

In 1860, Cunningham began commenting on political matters, noting the effects of John Brown's raid on Harper's Ferry and "Seward's doings" on Southern politics (February 26, 1860), and sharing his thoughts on secession (July 29, 1860) and Lincoln's election to the presidency (October 20, 1860). On April 26, 1861, he reported that Mobile residents expected to hear news of a large battle for control of Washington, D. C., and that local military units had begun drilling. After reconnecting with his brother in 1865, Cunningham discussed the hardships that Mobile residents experienced during the war (May 7, 1866) and otherwise remarked on the postwar South. In his last letter, dated June 19, 1868, he expressed uncertainty about his future prospects and quoted extracts from Andrew Jackson Davis's Arabula (1868).

Other letters include a family update from George Kennedy in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, to his uncle, William George of County Antrim, Ireland (May 7, 1849), and letters between members of the Haskell family of Boston and Ipswich, Massachusetts. The "Extracts from a letter written to John Cunningham - Dunfermline Scotland - by my father John Cunningham," contains genealogical information on the Cunningham family (December 1, 1880).