Collections

The collection consists mainly of her research notes, manuscript drafts, reference materials, photographs, papers and speeches on the Strangite Mormons, Native Americans, and Irish of Beaver Island, Michigan.

This is a well-documented research collection of Beaver Island history, concentrating on the Irish Catholics and, secondarily the Strangite Mormons, who settled there, as well as other aspects of Beaver Island history. It is divided simply by format into two series: Papers and Notecards. Topical materials (in folders) within the Papers and the topics of the Notecards are in alphabetical order.

The Papers, 1907-1996 (Scattered), and undated, consist mainly of Helen’s research notes and drafts of manuscripts, as well as collected reference materials and photographs, for her Irish Book, and papers or speeches on various aspects of Beaver Island area history, including: land [property], Native Americans, Irish, Strangite Mormons, fishing, boats, statistics, culture, and genealogy.

There are a few manuscript drafts, typed papers, and research notes on Crinoids (fossils) and the Sugar Creek of Montgomery County, Indiana.

Also included are Biographical Materials, 1990, 1996-1997, and undated (1 folder), which includes Photographs of Helen. There is Correspondence from various people asking Helen to do genealogical research for them or answer genealogy questions, and/or supplying her with genealogical information and other materials for her research (6 folders). There is also Correspondence, 1969-1974, regarding manuscripts she submitted to journals for publication (1 folder).

The 5”x8” Notecards (3 boxes) document her research on the following topics: Beaver Island Vital Statistics, Ireland, Emigration/ “Trip Over”; Beaver Island History; Boats/Fishing; [data from] the Michigan Census, 1850-1910; and Mormons. The Notecards are in the process of being transcribed by a Central Michigan University professor.

A map of Beaver Island and a book about Arranmore (Ireland), which were part of Helen Collar’s reference materials, were cataloged separately.

Collection includes the papers of Dr. Clarence Hemingway, Grace Hall[-]Hemingway, Marcelline Hemingway Sanford and Sterling S. Sanford, as well as published articles by and about them and Ernest Hemingway.

The collection is divided into five major series: 1) the papers of Dr. Clarence Hemingway, 1896-1928 (Scattered), .5 cubic foot (in 1 box, Box #1); 2) the papers of Grace Hall Hemingway, late 19th century, 2006, and undated, 5 cubic feet (in 10 boxes, Boxes #2-11); 3) the papers of Marcelline (Hemingway) Sanford, 1853, 1998, and undated, 7.75 cubic feet (in 17 boxes, Boxes #12-28); 4) the papers of Sterling S. Sanford, 1861, 2006, and undated, 9 cubic feet (in 18 boxes, Boxes #29-46); and 5) Periodicals with articles, by/about Ernest Hemingway, Grace Hall Hemingway, and/or Marcelline Hemingway Sanford, 1.5 cubic feet (in 3 boxes, Boxes #47-49), 1938-1991 (scattered). All boxes are .5 cubic feet letter-size boxes unless otherwise indicated.

Papers of Dr. Clarence Hemingway: This series consists mostly of letters to and from Clarence, 1896-1928 (Scattered) .5 cubic foot (in 1 box, Box #1). Also included is an article he wrote on the sudden deaths of new mothers, 1908, and his extremely brief obituary of December 6, 1928.

There are five notes written to him, mostly generic in nature. The most noteworthy letter Clarence received in the collection is actually a facsimile of a letter and envelope to him entitled “Short Note from Paris, 1925” from Ernest Hemingway, dated October 19, 1925. In the letter, Ernest thanked his father for sending him a magazine. Ernest mentioned swimming in the Seine, eating partridge, being busy, that writer John Dos Passos and Dick Hill from Oak Park visited and stayed with him and Hadley, and that they were celebrating Bumby’s [John “Jack” Hemingway] birthday party.

There are also several letters Clarence wrote to Grace before and after their marriage, 1896, 1900, 1908, and 1918. The three pre-marriage letters, January 1, 2, and 23, 1896, to Grace are addressed “My darling Sunshine” or “My darling Grace.” They mostly talk of his missing her, enjoying their chats, getting to know each other, about the blessing of God having brought them together and what the future will hold for them. While sincere, they are not romantic. His letter to Grace dated January 23, 1896 also mentions her instructing the opera company in New York City, Madame Cappiani, and the Rubenstein Club that she is enjoying, as well as his family at home in the evening. It is obvious that he enjoyed the cozy pleasure of his family in the evenings and hoped to replicate that later with her.

There are only a few letters in this collection written to Grace by Clarence during their marriage. One is dated 1900 and is addressed to Gracie, Marcelline, Ernest, Sophie and etc., while they are at Windemere. In it, he writes that he hopes they are well and he is busy and soggy due to the weather. There are three letters dated October 15-17, 1908 addressed to “My dear Grace and All at home”, in Oak Park. These letters are written on the stationery of the Society of the Lying-in Hospital in New York. Clarence was there for about four weeks. He was planning on sailing to Havana, Cuba, but learned in New York that Cuba would require him to be quarantined for five days. He was supposed to sail on the Steamer Comus from New York on October 21 and go to New Orleans. In his letters, Clarence mentions not worrying several times. He and his father took the Grand Central Depot to Thomaston, Connecticut, where they had relatives, and, after a brief visit, Clarence headed to New Orleans. Clarence ends his letter by promising Ursula 10 cents a piece for her baby teeth. There are also two letters, dated October 19-20, 1908 Clarence wrote from Thomaston and Hartford, Connecticut. In both of these letters he writes of visiting friends, relatives, and the beauty of the countryside. Lastly, there are two 1918 letters from Clarence to Grace and Marcelline in College Camp, Wisconsin, dated July 31 and August 1. In the first letter he writes of receiving their notes, his attending a pregnant Mrs. Spears, taking Ursula and Carol to movies, and that Ursula was invited out. In the second letter he briefly notes that Mrs. Spears finally had her baby and Ursula made muffins. He signs off in various ways, but “Love” or “Lovingly” is always present.

The majority of the Correspondence from Clarence is to Marcelline. The 1917 letters were written to Marci mostly while she was attending Oberlin, There are also prints from 42 negatives of photographs with a January 15, 1917 letter from Clarence to Marcelline. The photographs are mostly of young people, perhaps from events of the previous summer.

Clarence offered loving fatherly advice to Marci in his letters. He also supervised the inventorying, packing, and shipping of all of Marci’s wedding gifts. After Marci’s daughter, Carol, was born, Clarence wrote in detail to Marci about proper nutrition, breast feeding, bottle feeding, and the overall health care of an infant, including proper methods of cleaning and sanitizing of bottles, nipples, o-rings, etc. He wrote both lovingly as a concerned Daddy and as a knowledgeable, practical physician who had worked with numerous mommies and babies. At this time, Grace wrote Marci about how she should walk more to lose weight. It is also clear from a letter from Grace to Marci (February 2, 1923 in Box 3) that Grace did not share letters from Marci with Clarence unless she felt it was a situation that required his medical knowledge, such as baby feedings, weight gain, or pre- or post-birth physical ailments Marci experienced.

In a letter to Marci dated March 8, 1928 (in Box 5), Grace noted that she and Dad (Clarence) were leaving for Florida on March 19. Clarence was “in very bad shape, Heart attacks cramps and neuritis in his right arm, so he cannot lift it to shave or brush his hair.” In a letter dated November 21, 1928 (in Box 5), Grace noted that Clarence was ill “Dad has been falling off terribly in weight and appetite and unable to sleep and last week seemed to go all to pieces. He really thought he was going to die, but at last I persuaded on him to go to the hospital and have tests made and put himself under care and he now feels encouraged tho’ he is a sick man, hardly able to make even a few calls. Don’t mention this as he is most anxious to conceal his condition, but I recognize that we are going to have some pretty hard sledding this winter.” Clarence had diabetes and had suffered financial loss in a large Florida land speculation deal. [Note: Neither his diabetes by name nor the land deal is specifically mentioned in letters in the collection until Grace’s will notes land she owned in Pinellas County, Florida.]

It is clear in his letters that Clarence loved his family, and Marci and her daughter, Carol, very much. Clarence also wrote of babysitting Carol. In his last letter in this collection which is addressed to Marci and dated August 30, 1928 (in Box 1), Clarence wrote, “My dear Marcelline and family, I was so pleased to receive your good letters and to learn you located and enjoyed the peaches and distributed them among friends – We will surely appreciate some apples, if you can send them. I also am pleased to learn Warren Sumner is fixing up the barn in Longfield.- I have written him.- Hope you get back to Detroit ok. My love to Carol S. Tell her [that] her Grand Pa surely loves her and misses her very much. – with Les gone to Scout camp it is very quiet here. Mother is working very hard preparing for her “Show” Do hope it will be a huge success as she has surely labored sincerely in it’s behalf.- No more word from Ernest since we were at Windemere. Pauline’s letter was our first word, - but heard from Mrs. Krog last week when she returned from Idaho and Wyoming she saw in a Sheridan, Wyo. paper that E.M.H. was out there at a big ranch rodeo. - let us learn. Ask Mr. Bacon to Nail up gate to our Windemere lot. Please! – Love to you all- Daddy –CMH”

Papers of Grace Hall Hemingway Grace’s papers date late 19th century, 2006, and undated and total 5 cubic feet (in 10 boxes, Boxes #2-11). Some copies of census information (2006) have been added during processing. The largest subseries in the collection include: Correspondence to or from Grace, 2 cubic feet (in 4 boxes), and Programs of performances she, her children, or her other pupils gave or attended, approximately .5 cubic foot (in 1 box). The rest of her collection includes articles, biographical information, which includes a large number of newspaper clippings (mostly copies), Exhibit Catalogs, Family Photographs, notably one of Carol, Ernest, Leicester, and Clarence, 1919; and one of all six Hemingway siblings, 1915; and another of Carol and Ernest at Grace Cottage, 1919.

Materials about Grace Cottage, Longfield Farm, Memorabilia, such as her sunglasses, published music she wrote or used, publications (when entire publication exists and contains relevant information about her), sketches, speech notes, and a few miscellaneous materials are included. Her estate inventory and some published sheet Music is legal-size and thus in a legal-size box, the rest of the material being letter-size.

Also there is Materials of Extended Family and Friends, .5 cubic ft. (in 1 box). This includes mainly correspondence between Grace’s extended relatives, 1865-1925, and a funeral card, 1966. Here is found a letter to her parents before they married, and letters of her brother, Leicester Hall, 1900 and 1901, to their father, Ernest Hall. One of these letters, dated January 30, 1901, concerns the death of Queen Victoria and the new king, King Edward VII.

Of all her materials, the correspondence is the most important in expressing her feelings and beliefs, and the most revealing in demonstrating how she operated.

For example, while proud of all the artistic and literary accomplishments of her children, Grace was most proud of Ernest. She wrote of his articles, travels, awards, and positive critiques in numerous letters to Marci. She also wrote of his wives, children, their travels and his divorces, which she felt were morally wrong and which were socially embarrassing to her. His lack of correspondence bothered her as well. The underlined words below were underlined by Grace. “Did you see the article in the Xmas “Spur” – “Spokesman for our generation” – I don’t know any more than you do, where Ernie is- I have had to write duplicate letters to Key West and Paris, on important matters – so would advise you to do same – as he is easily hurt when he does not hear from us, in return: - you know the Hemingway peculiarity – Sunny says, in so many ways, he reminds her of Daddy.” (letter from Grace to Marci, January 12, 1930 (in Box 5)

Ernest’s literary achievements were a point of great pride among the Hemingways. The only other mention of Ernest is an inscription on the inside back cover of her Travel Journal of A Trip to New Orleans, Louisiana, March 21-28, 1918 , “May 16, 1919, Ernest left, the saddest day of all my life.”

Grace’s letters are full of her social agenda, connections, and friends. She offers advice and sometimes a rather poisonous pen emerges. This is amply demonstrated in the Marci section below.

Papers of Marcelline (Hemingway) Sanford: Marci’s papers, 1853, 1998, and undated, total 7.75 cubic feet (in 17 boxes, Boxes #12-28). Her materials are divided first into Marcelline Hemingway materials (pre-marriage) and then Mrs. S. S. Sanford (Marcelline) materials (post-marriage).

The Marcelline Hemingway subseries includes mostly Biographic Information, approximate. .5 cubic feet (in 1 box), Correspondence to/ from her mainly with relatives and friends, approximately 1.5 cubic feet (in 3 boxes). Her primary and college experiences are documented by her essays, plays, and speeches. There are also materials from high school graduation that she and Ernie shared, 1917. Also included is legal-sized published sheet Music, approximately .25 cubic feet (in 1 box) which Marci played or autographed.

Letters between Marci and Ernest in the collection are copies. There are facsimiles of letters from Marci to Ernest, 1923 and 1954 (re: his winning the Nobel Prize for literature, in Box 27). These are both quite affectionate. For copies of additional letters between them, see the Scope and Contents Note for Sterling’s series. Additional materials relating to Ernest in the form of exhibit catalog, movie programs, newspaper clippings (copies) are in the Materials of Extended Family and Friends (in Box 28).

The Mrs. S. S. Sanford section is so titled because that is how the vast majority of her correspondence were formally addressed and signed by her. The section includes 12 of the 17 boxes, and the oversized materials. The vast majority of the materials are correspondence, but there are also articles by and about Marci, Biographical Information, including her obituaries and photographs, Materials relating to her book “At the Hemingways”, Essays, Family Photographs, Music, Plays, Family Histories. Oversized materials includes: correspondence to Ernest, 1923 and 1954 (facsimiles), the 1954 re: the Nobel Prize, and sheet music. Materials of Extended Family and Friends consist mainly of correspondence, diaries, and obituaries of family members.

The correspondence to Marci from friends and family, mainly Hemingways, totals 2 cubic feet (4 boxes). Most of her correspondence to family and friends, is to Sterling, 1917- 1961 (Scattered), and undated, approximately 2 cubic feet (in 5 boxes). Marci wrote occasionally in response, mostly about her social activities. Again, her letters are very much like her mother’s.

Most of the correspondence with Ernest’s several ex-wives, current wife, and children is of a generic holiday greeting nature, except after Ernest death when Marci wrote to Hadley to inform her of his death and to Pauline trying to get copies of Ernie’s letters. All of these “Ernest family” correspondence are cordial, polite, and impersonal.

Marci also had fairly extensive correspondence with Ted Weeks of the Atlantic Monthly concerning her book, At the Hemingways. This included everything from rewrites, release dates, royalties, book signings, etc.

The letters between Sterling, Marci, and Grace discuss the health of Marci’s children and Sterling. As a baby, Carol did not gain weight. (Letter from Clarence to Marci, October 1923 in Box 5) and had mumps, July 1928). By the late 1920s it was clear Carol had asthma. Sterling also suffered terribly all his life from hay fever, which is noted in many letters. He had surgery before his wedding to try and eliminate or improve his condition.

Marci’s letters are very like her mother’s, full of social events, activities, names, responsibilities, with lots of “appropriate” advice, and vary in their level of emotionality. Grace and Marci’s letters chronicle their social activities, interests, and events, the health of Marci’s children, the financial situation of Grace, and Grace and Marci’s sometimes tumultuous relationship. Grace could write with a truly poisonous pen. The letters also note Grace’s deteriorating finances following Clarence’s unexpected death in December 1928. In a November 17, 1933 letter, Marci noted that Grace had broken a leg bone. Marci usually cared for Grace when her mother was ill or needed help, and Grace even asked for her. They obviously loved each other, but were not above stabbing each other verbally and emotionally in their letters. In 1928 Grace told Marci she planned to sell the house. However, the sale was delayed until December 1935. After the sale, Grace moved to Studio 551 Keystone Avenue, River Forest, Illinois. Other letters document that Grace suffered from migraines.

Regarding race, there is an interesting letter from Marci to Sterling dated July 4, 1943 (in Box 22) in which along with numerous other topics she discusses an evening on Walloon Lake when Lacy (Sergent) put a copy of Life with the Detroit riot picture on her lap. Marci noted that she “thought the whites had acted shamefully!” Lacy and his mother disagreed they “thought mob rule was the only way to “keep the niggers down and in their place – They said “Civil Rights” “fuey”[sic-phooey] Beat ‘em up and keep ‘em quiet. Ellen and Chet Naylan and I disagreed. Old lady Sergent says “throw ‘em off the buses”… when she noted some coloreds rented across the street last year, “Lacy and his Mother said they would have smashed their windows and made it so hot for those niggers they would have had to leave the street. Honestly, its no wonder that Lacy is such a fool in some ways with a Mother like his. She’s a vicious old gal when she gets started - at least conversationally. Well we parted friends but – I was ashamed of them both.”

Papers of Sterling S. Sanford: Sterling’s papers, 1861, 2006, and undated, total 9 cubic feet (in 18 boxes, Boxes #29-46) and consists of: Articles he wrote (approximately .5 cubic foot. in 1 box); Biographical Information (approximately .5 cubic foot in 2 boxes); Children’s books and materials, Correspondence from Sterling to Marcelline, 1917-1964 (Scattered), includes thank you notes sent re: condolences received re: death of Marci. 2 cubic feet (in 4 boxes); Other Correspondence from Sterling relates to genealogy research with friends and relatives, .5 cubic foot (in 1 box); Correspondence to Sterling is from friends and relatives, notably Carrie L. Dicken and Carol H. Sanford, his daughter, 1893-1987, 2 cubic feet (in 4 boxes); various materials documenting his experience at Mt. Clemens High School the University of Michigan; Family Histories, approximately 1 cubic foot (in 2 boxes). Sterling’s Materials of Extended Family and Friends include correspondence between Carrie E. Dot Skillman Sanford, Carrie L. Dicken, and Mrs. Phebe Skillman, as well as correspondence between Sterling and his children, approximately 2.5 cubic feet (in 5 boxes). Documenting his war service are 3 rolled photographs, all from 1918 (Box 46).

Also among the legal-size materials (in Box 42) there are copies of 17 letters from Ernest to Marci, 1916-1951 (scattered) that Sterling copied and distributed to his children in 1980 so they could judge the real relationship between the siblings themselves. These letters are quite affectionate, begin and end often with nicknames, discuss Ernie’s life, fishing, travels, friends, wives and children, include birthday and Christmas greetings, the announcement of John H. N. Hemingway’s birth. Ernest was quite concerned about her operation on May 120, 1921. A November 6, 1917 letter notes why Ernest wants to join the French army. On October 14, 1920 Ernest wrote “Remember that always Marcelline dear , that a brother’s love never dies. A brother may die it is true . In fact they die like flies . but their love . Never .” [The punctuation style is Ernest’s.] A second CONFIDENTIAL page discusses Ernest’s forthcoming publications; a 1921 letter begging her to come to his wedding to Hadley; a December 22, 1938 letter contains an apology for Ernest’s prior letter about Windemere cabin; and a June 1928 letter provides instructions about where to go, who to meet, and what to do in Paris.

Sterling’s letters are very much like those of Clarence Hemingway. They are often tender, emotional, and full of how much he (Clarence or Sterling) loves his female relative (Grace or Marci). Also, they often include health reports of the writer and children, and the weather. Sterling’s letters also included a list of jobs completed, such as fixing the car, picking up clothes from the Laundromat or helping the children with something. Both men noted taking children to movies, and the accomplishments and events in the lives of the children. Both men always reported on invitations they had received, news of family and friends, and relatives and friends with whom he visited or ate dinner while the wife was away. Sterling wrote on a variety of paper that was usually 8.5”x11,” while Clarence often wrote on green sheets were half that size. Both men clearly ended up with babysitting and housework responsibilities, which they did themselves or supervised staff doing, although they do not mention the help. A major example of this for Clarence was the inventorying, packing, and shipping of Marci’s wedding gifts.

Sterling wrote Marci constantly during their 1923 separation and future separations, professing his love and total commitment to her, noting that he was willing to do anything for her and that they could work any problems out. During their more difficult separations, Sterling really poured out his soul to her in his letters. It is very interesting that Sterling is very much in temperament on paper like Clarence, trying to avoid anger, willing to do anything for her.

Regarding race, there are several interesting tidbits in Sterling’s letters. In a letter dated September 3, 1942 (in Box 34) to Marci, Sterling notes how he was informed at a Sales Dept. meeting that Detroit Edison was going to employ colored elevator operators about mid-month. The reason was that the company could not keep operators and colored people are having difficulty finding work. This announcement was made in the hope that it “there will be no surprise or remarks which might embarrass the new employees. This happened at the Mich. Bell Tel. Co. bldg. when the change was made over there.” In a 1988 Oral History Tape (part of his Biographical Information), Sterling recalled a sole colored girl who attended his rural school and was shunned by her classmates even after her father discussed the situation with the terrified teacher. He also notes later in the tape that he and Marci left Detroit for Grosse Pointe when the neighborhood changed and was no longer desirable.

Periodicals: This subseries, 1.5 cubic feet in 3 boxes, is divided by size into letter-size (Boxes #47-48) and legal-size (Box #49) periodicals with articles by or about Ernest Hemingway and /or other members of the Hemingway family, as well as book reviews of books by Ernest, Leicester, and Marcelline Hemingway. Most of the periodicals are complete, a few are partial. Articles are organized by size, author, and then by title. Articles by Ernest include: (letter-size) 1934, 1939, 1957, 1965, and (legal-size) 1944, 1949, and 1954. Articles about Ernest include: (letter-size) 1937-1991 (Scattered), and (legal-size), 1941-1981 (Scattered). Grace Hall Hemingway’s obituary, 1951 is in a periodical. Leicester’s serialized “My brother, Ernest Hemingway” in Playboy, 1961-1962 (3 issues), and reviews of the book and his “the Sound of the trumpet”, 1962 and 1953, respectively are included. Also included are Marcelline’s book “At the Hemingways,” which was serialized in the Atlantic Monthly, 1961-1962 (3 issues), her “Theatre briefs”, 1952, 1962-January 1964, and articles about her, 1938, 1961-1963, and her obituary, 1963.

Additional Notes: COPYRIGHT: Copyright is owned by the donor who wishes to remain anonymous. Inquiries about copyright shall be directed to the Clarke's director.

Vocabulary: Here are some examples of vocabulary in the 1920s letters used among the Hemingway siblings: “Darbyest”: The party was the darbyest thing that ever ocured” [sic]. “…the boys got marbles (darby ones)” (Letter of Befish (Carol Hemingway) to Mazween, April 15, 1923. Dope” ex. “Do you know what the dope is on” person X? “Do you know the dope about” X? Vocabulary in the 1920s letters used among the siblings and Sterling: “Screed” (a letter, or t write, possible from ascribe) Ex. “I expect a screed from you soon.” “I’m too tired to screed you.” “Shangally” (Awesome? Amazing?) Ex. Marci describes a new red evening dress of hers as “Shangally.”

Folder notes within [] are not found on the material, but added from other source material within the collection to assist the researcher. Folder notes within () are included to avoid confusion and assist the researcher.

Variant Spellings: Variant Spellings are accurately reproduced from the originals to the Box and Folder Listing of this collection. Grace Hall Hemingway spelled her name a variety of ways over time, including: Mrs. Dr. Clarence Hemingway, Mrs. Clarence E. Hemingway, Grace Hemingway, Mrs. Grace E. Hall, Mrs. Grace Hall Hemingway, Mrs. Grace Hall-Hemingway, and Mrs. Grace Hemingway. Sometimes for fun events, “Hemingway” was spelled “Heminway”. Other words spelled various ways in the collection include “program” and “programme” and “artist” and “artiste”.

Processing Notes: Approximately three cubic feet of material was removed from the collection during processing and returned to the donors. The returned material included: duplicates, newspaper clippings or other extremely acidic items (which were copied and the copies were then added to the collection); empty envelopes, baggies, and folders; generic correspondence such as solicitations to buy magazines; empty picture frames; and artifacts such as buttons, handkerchiefs, etc. Additional materials were removed by the donors.

Papers include published materials, meeting minutes, and organizational records of three units of the Modern Woodmen of America and Koopman family papers.

The majority of the Koopman Papers focus upon the activities of the Modern Woodmen of America, particularly Camp 7660 (Falmouth, Michigan), and include correspondence, by-laws, membership certificates, catalogs, and financial records. The minutes of Camp 10399 of Butterfield are also included. Some Koopman family correspondence and miscellaneous materials complete the collection.

Boughey Series 1, 1896-1934, and undated, includes biographical material, correspondence, an assortment of financial and banking records, legal records, and miscellaneous, such as catalogs, township charts, and newspaper clippings.

The collection, Series 1, 1896-1934, and undated, includes biographical material, correspondence, an assortment of financial and banking records, legal records, and miscellaneous, such as catalogs, township charts, and newspaper clippings.

The collection was processed in two parts. First, three processing students in the Archives also processed 12 boxes, 12 volumes, and 2 oversized folders, approximately 8 cubic ft. This section is Series 1, which is described below. A separate Scope and Contents Note and Box Listing follows for each of the student’s box/es with their surname on both their box/es and scope notes/box listing follows after page 16 of this finding aid. This section is Series 2, which is described in a separate finding aid.

The biographical material includes such as licenses, cards, photographs, and copies of federal census for Michigan related to the Bougheys, Ruth’s wedding invitation, 1921, and personal correspondence and receipts of the Bougheys. There is a Bible Study Notebook of Margaret Wheelock, undated. Her relationship to the Bougheys is as of yet unknown.

Personal, business, and political correspondence, including some on postcards and in telegrams, are included. Of note is personal correspondence regarding Herbert P. Boughey’s stay in the Battle Creek Sanitarium and in the State Psychopathic Hospital, Ann Arbor, 1917-1925 (Box 3 and others). Additional Battle Creek Sanitarium correspondence are found throughout the boxes processed by the class.

Some of the political correspondence with Chase S. Osborn, about the state and national Republican committees and national convention, 1912-1930 (Box 3). Osborn was governor of Michigan, 1911-1913. See also Box 1 processed by B. White, and Boxes 1-2 processed by S. Wonsey. There is also personal correspondence with Governor Fred W. Green, 1928, in Series 2, Box 1 processed by M. Morgan.

Other correspondence of note includes personal correspondence between Herbert Boughey and Simon Redbird, a Native American, 1928-1931. Additional correspondence with Redbird is in Box 2, Series 2, processed by F. McDaniel and Series 2, Box 1 processed by A. Grove.

Most of the Carp Lake Lumber Company business correspondence dates from 1911 to 1934. There is numerous business correspondence with various companies mostly regarding lumber, and also for other supplies, including telephone services, railroads, insurance, and hotels. Many companies are documented but one of the most known is Hannah Lay Mercantile Company of Traverse City. Bliss and Van Auken Lumber Company are also included. There are also letterpress books, 1902-1923 (6 volumes). Oversized materials include maps and timber estimates related to the lumber business.

Financial and banking records in the collection include bank statements, check stubs, cash books, and cancelled checks mainly with First National Bank, Traverse City, but also with First Peoples State Bank and People’s Saving Bank of Traverse City, Cadillac State Bank, Leelanau County Bank, of Michigan, and People’s Bank, Blytheville, Arkansas, among others. There are numerous receipts for clothing, food, hotel stays, furniture, gifts, and other supplies. It is often difficult to tell if the receipts are for personal or business reasons. Also included are stock records and financial volumes.

Legal records include various deeds, land contracts, mortgages, business and insurance papers. Other more miscellaneous materials found in the collection include catalogs, and land and township charts, which may be for lumber or real estate purposes. A copy of Herbert F. Boughey’s codicil to his last will, 1931, and the last will and testament of Grace Boughey, 1931, are in Series 2, Box 1 processed by F. McDaniel.

Processing Note: Non-Michigan materials, duplicates, reading materials, material of a peripheral nature were removed from the collection during processing. Extremely dirty and moldy materials were also removed, with material of importance being photocopied. Extremely acidic materials were also photocopied and the originals were then withdrawn from the collection.

Boughey Series 2, 1901-1933, and undated, includes biographical material, correspondence, an assortment of financial and banking records, legal records, and miscellaneous, such as catalogs, township charts, and newspaper clippings.

The entire collection, 1896-1934, and undated, includes biographical material, correspondence, an assortment of financial and banking records, legal records, and miscellaneous, such as catalogs, township charts, and newspaper clippings.

Series 2, 100-1933, and undated, was largely processed, one box or more per person, by a class of 20 processors (30 boxes, 3 Oversized Folders, approximately 12 cubic ft.) during Archives Administration Class, History 583 in spring term 2012.

Processing Note: Non-Michigan materials, duplicates, reading materials, material of a peripheral nature were removed from the collection during processing. Extremely dirty and moldy materials were also removed, with material of importance being photocopied. Extremely acidic materials were also photocopied and the originals were then withdrawn from the collection.

Box 1, processed by Bronwyn Mroz Benson, contains general receipts for a number of the members of the Boughey family, including clothing, groceries, medical, and automotive. The receipts also include bills paid to a number of city services in Traverse City, as well as some banking receipts. Also included are personal correspondence of Grace Boughey and business correspondence of Herbert Boughey pertaining to his stock holdings.

Box 1, processed by Nicole Brandt, contains general receipts, both of a business and personal nature, for a number of members of the Boughey family, mainly husband and wife, Herbert and Grace. There were also personal documents and receipts for Boughey daughters Helen and Ruth. One receipt was also found made out to a Mrs. Greenstead who is believed to be Boughey’s mother or mother-in-law. The business receipts include various large companies, mainly in the Traverse City area, which specialized in lumber, steel, mercantile, wood, coal, and railway. Personal receipts include numerous companies for gas, electric/light and power, grocery, medical/drugstore, and clothing/shoe stores. Personal documents included two newspaper clippings, correspondence among family members and to Boughey family members from physicians, report cards for one of the Boughey daughters, and donation slips. Box 2 (Legal-size) processed by Nicole Brandt, contains Receipts of The Hannah and Lay Mercantile Company Retail, Traverse City, Mich., 1916-1920.

Boxes 1 and 2 (Legal-size), processed by Cynthia Engerson, include correspondence, business and personal receipts, and certificates of membership to various committees and leagues. The topically grouped material is divided into business and personal respectively and arranged alphabetically. Business correspondence relate primarily to insurance. Receipts are comprised of business and personal expenditures including bank transactions, medical bills, lumbering and general hardware, insurance, telephone records, clothing and energy expenses. Prominent organizations related to this material include Citizens Telephone Company, Battle Creek Sanitarium, First National Bank, Montgomery Ward and Company, Standard Oil Company, and Western Union Telegraph Company. Membership and subscription receipts belong to organizations related to war relief efforts such as The American Relief Committee for Widows and Orphans of the War in Germany, the “Belgian Children’s Fund,” and the International Peace Forum. Publication subscriptions include the American Boy, the Wall Street Journal, and the World Court Magazine.

Box 1, processed by Katharine Gallaher, contains the personal correspondence of Herbert F. Boughey’s son, Herbert P. Boughey. These letters are from different members of the Boughey family, including his parents, Herbert and Grace, and sisters, Ruth and Helen. There are some letters from Herbert’s school pen pal William, who lived in Oakland, California. Also included are some examples of Herbert P. Boughey’s homework and drawings of a Decaland badge and blimp, 1918, undated. There is also a list of references concerning the Todd Seminary for Boys in which Herbert F. Boughey is listed in the folder titled Todd Seminary…1917.

Box 1, processed by Tressa Graves, contains business correspondence dealing with property in Leelanau County, Michigan, Oregon, British Columbia, Canada and various other locations. The box also contains correspondence with Saginaw [Michigan] Real Estate, Quesnel Gold Mining Company in Washington state, and Willison court case materials, in which Mrs. Willison had claims against Crotser, Boughey, Otte, and Moran, 1925-1926. Box 2 (legal-size), processed by Tressa Graves, contains meeting minutes with Quesnel Gold Mining Company, Washington and various business information and agreements.

Box 1 processed by Anjali Grose, contains general and specific business correspondence pertaining to the Oregon and Colorado properties, Edgar J. Daly Real Estate, Grand Rapids and Indiana Railway Company, Manistee and North-Eastern Railroad Company, and J.O. Nessen and Company, among others. This box also contains Western Union telegrams, a Wickes Brother Stock Company Catalog, hotel receipts, business cards, business receipts, bond subscription lists, bank statements, township charts, and personal correspondence. There is a copy of a large hand-drawn map in the Oregon business correspondence folder.

Box 1 and 2 (Legal-size), processed by Andreah B. Grove, includes personal correspondence, certificates of registration, and business correspondence relating to B.E. Taylor Builder and Realtor, Detroit-Traverse Realty Company, Edward G. Hacker Company, Grand Traverse Bond and Mortgage Company, Pure Oil Company, Simon Redbird, Swift and Company, and many more. Simon Redbird was a Native American (Ottawa) carpenter from Leelanau, Michigan, who worked for Boughey in Genoa, Nebraska. (For more on Redbird, see Farrah McDaniel’s Boughey boxes.) Also included is an Oversized folder of a blueprint of Leland Township, Leelanau County, Michigan, undated.

Box 1, processed by Emily Grover, contains general and specific business correspondence pertaining to Herbert F. Boughey’s banking, investments, insurance, legal correspondence, tax, and letters and receipts between potential customers concerning lumber and other goods, 1911-1916. Railway records from the Adams Express Company, Grand Rapids and Indiana Railroad Company, Manistee and North-Eastern Railroad Company, and Minneapolis, St. Paul, and Sault Sainte Marie Railway Company are also contained here. The box also contains personal correspondence, Michigan Certificates of Registration, Michigan Republican State Central Committee information, and correspondence with Chase S. Osborn. Box 2 (Legal-size), processed by Emily Grover, contains newspaper clippings (copies) that deal with Chase S. Osborn’s career and information regarding lumber and crops. This box also contains an Abstract of Title to property in Leelanau County, Michigan.

Box 1, processed by Adam J. Hamlin, includes personal and business correspondence, 1915-1919. Items of note include a postcard featuring World War I recruits practicing infantry drill at Fort Sheridan, Illinois; an invitation to the Alumnae Banquet at the Battle Creek Sanitarium, featuring seminars on fattening diets, fever diets, blood building diets and hyper-reducing diets. The invitation includes hand-written recipes on back; circular offering to “furnish Russians, Poles and Lithuanians” for unskilled labor (presumably mailed to Carp Lake Lumber).

Box 1, processed by Jake Huss, contains business records from transactions with various companies as well as donation “thank yous” from groups such as the National Republican Congressional Committee, American Committee for Armenian and Syrian Relief, and Anti-Saloon League of Michigan, among others. It also contains insurance records for everything from vehicles to lumber products as well as bank transactions with multiple Traverse City area banks. Personal Records includes Boughey’s 1916 draft card as well as his 1917 hunting and trapping license. Box 2 (Legal-size), processed by Jake Huss, contains mostly balances due and freight manifests from various companies, 1917-1919, undated.

Box 1, processed by Hannah Jenkins, contains financial records regarding the Carp Lake Lumber Company from 1910 to 1912, as well as general correspondence and order requests to the company from 1909 to 1912, and a couple undated documents. The box also contains correspondence regarding Mr. Boughey’s real estate business. Personal folders include documentation from Mr. Boughey’s involvement in the Benevolent and Protective Order of Elks and Mr. Boughey’s interest in the Marble Company’s Game Getter Gun hunting rifle, manufactured in Gladstone, Michigan. Also included are general correspondence to Mr. Boughey from 1911 to 1912, invitations to meetings and conferences of which some are political in nature, and correspondence regarding Mr. Boughey’s political interests in the Roosevelt Campaign. Box 2 (Legal-size), processed by Hannah Jenkins, contains one folder of legal sized material including an undated list of second-hand boiler details and their prices, a financial record from January 30, 1912, and a political document from July 8, 1912 regarding Mr. Boughey’s involvement in the National Progressive Party.

Boxes 1 and 2 (Legal-size), processed by Farrah McDaniel, contain general business correspondences pertaining to the lumber business in Michigan and Oregon; a mining endeavor in Canada; and a variety of real estate ventures, both individually and in conjunction with someone else, throughout the states of Michigan, Oregon, and Wisconsin. The boxes also contain personal letters between the Boughey family, land deeds, personal receipts, insurance papers, and a letter from Herbert F. Boughey regarding the desire to patent a car windshield defroster. The Last Will and Testament of Grace Boughey, along with a codicil to the 1923 Last Will and Testament of Herbert F. Boughey, are located in the Boughey Legal Correspondence folder. In the Boughey Family, Personal Correspondence, 1930-1933, undated, is Correspondence from Grace Boughey to Herbert Boughey dated March 23, 1931, which includes a very candid conversation about female menopause and menstruation.

Box 1, processed by Marie Morgan, contains both general and specific information regarding H. Boughey’s business and personal life. In this box there is correspondence between H. Boughey and a number of businesses in Michigan, Oregon, and British Columbia. Besides correspondence between businesses, there are also receipts for many things pertaining to the business, newspaper clippings, telegrams, bank statements, and personal correspondence. The majority of the box contains information regarding H. Boughey’s lumber business, but there is also information regarding automobiles, hunting expenses, government paperwork, and other miscellaneous items. Two documents that particularly stand out in this box are the personal letters between a Ms. Helen Boughey and the Police Chief of Allen Park. The chief writes that Ms. Boughey had a violation against the city and must pay her debts or consequences will happen. There is also correspondence with Simon Redbird, 1927-1929. Box 2 (Legal-size), processed by Marie Morgan, includes miscellaneous legal-size materials: a list of U.S. merchants and manufacturers, undated; a copy of a right-of-way, undated; an analysis of earning for the First National Bank, Traverse City, 1927; a letter to stockholders of the Quesnel Gold Mining Company, Bellingham, Washington, 1926; and Meeting Minutes of the Sheppard Development Company, also of Bellingham, 1926. 1 Oversized folder has Hotel Cadillac Receipts, along with a large lumber receipt, 1926-1928.

Box 1, processed by Elizabeth Portenga, contains general and specific business correspondence pertaining mostly to companies in Michigan, 1912-1913. The main contents contain shipping orders, business correspondence, lumber orders, lumber inquiries, billing information, inventory, delivery status, account statements, a warranty deed, invoices, tax information, receipts, payments, stockholder meeting notes, credit information, dividends, supply information, lumber quotes, and work requests. The box also includes a Western Michigan Development Bureau Bylaws booklet, a Powers Theater, Grand Rapids, Michigan, program, lot drawings, a road map, a building blueprint, information from Boughey’s correspondence and work in Oregon, and personal letters from Governor Osborn inviting Boughey to his hunting cottage.

Box 1, processed by Kate Pritchard, contains general and specific business correspondence pertaining to Herbert F. Boughey Lumber, Cherry Home Company, The Haserot Company, The Lord and Bushnell Company, Southwestern Lumber Company, Standard Oil Company, Wakefield Fries, and Company Real Estate Rental and Loan Agency. The box also contains Western Union Telegrams, business receipts, business orders, bank statements, shipping instructions, New York Life Insurance statements, car insurance statements, and personal correspondence. Box 2 (legal-size), processed by Kate Pritchard, contains documents of general and specific business correspondence re: the Cherry Hill Company, Herbert F. Boughey Lumber, as well as contracts and receipts. 1 Oversized folder contains a map of Chippewa County, Michigan, with a timetable for the Arnold Transit Company for tourist season for 1906 connecting Mackinaw City, Mackinac Island, and Sault Ste. Marie via steamships.

Box 1, processed by Jessica Rodgers, includes business and personal receipts, and correspondence, 1925-1931. Of particular interest to researchers is the Lane Bryant receipt of the Boughey women, documenting dresses, hats etc. Other women’s clothing stores are also represented.

Box 1, processed by Liz Waterhouse, contains general and specific business receipts and correspondence pertaining to Edgar J. Daly Real Estate, First National Bank, H.P. Palmer Jones Company, Hannah and Lay Mercantile Company, The Stearns Company, Western Michigan Development Bureau, among others. This box also contains Western Union telegrams, hotel receipts, bank statements, personal miscellaneous items, personal correspondences, and business miscellaneous. There is a large hand-drawn map of possible building and land plots along Drift River (copy), undated, located in the Business miscellaneous folder, 1910-1911, undated.

Box 1, processed by Briăna White, contains business correspondences pertaining to the lumber business and associated investments in paper, flooring, and cherry production. This box also contains personal papers of the Boughey family, as well as information regarding donations, bills, letters, stocks, receipts, taxes, and correspondences between Former Governor Chase Osborn and Herbert Boughey. Of note is a receipt in Donations for the American Committee for Armenian and Syrian Relief, undated.

Box 1, processed by Lisa White, contains general and specific business correspondence pertaining to the Grand Rapids and Indiana Railroad Company and the Manistee and North-Eastern Railroad Company. This box also contains Western Union telegrams, personal correspondence, business receipts, personal receipts, and payroll records. Of particular interest, in business correspondence from 1911, is a letter from Wylie Cooperate stating that was an error in log scaling on their part. Mr. Boughey stated that he was short twenty-three Basswood logs from his order. Wylie Cooperage was offended that Mr. Boughey and his associate, Mr. Pease, accused him (Cooperage) of purposely trying to short them, and that he was sending a check to cover the overcharge. In Boughey personal receipts from 1911, taxes on Mr. Boughey’s personal property in Northport Village were $4.05. Also, this folder contains a register of deeds with Traverse City, Michigan, in account with Carson Warner. In Boughey personal receipts from 1912, there are financial records regarding Mr. Boughey’s furnished housekeeping rooms at 915 Thurman Street, Portland, Oregon. J.A. Parmele reported that there was no change in the house and that the rent balance is $32.42. Also, two of the tenants owed $21.00 in back rent, as they were currently unemployed, but they would pay soon.

Box 1, processed by Sandra Wonsey, contains business correspondences pertaining to Herbert F. Boughey and his lumbering business as well as other associations, 1918-1920. It also contains sources related to business transactions, such as Western Union Telegrams, banking receipts, business receipts, figures, orders, insurance coverage, and real estate ventures. The contents paint a picture of business success and problems as well. This collection also includes personal aspects of Mr. Boughey’s life. It contains his Draft card registration, Corrective Eating Society, and his monetary contribution to the National Republican Congressional Committee and letter from them. Box 2 (Legal-size) contains banking transactions that show his substantial business dealings. It contains publications from The Standard Oil Company stockholders, minutes from the Board of Directors of Francis H. Haserot Company. It show cases typical real estate correspondence one between Herbert F. Boughey and Governor Chase R. Osborn.

This collection consists of records generated by and collected by Hilda I. Green and the PBB Action Committee of Reed City, Michigan, concerning PBB contamination and poisoning in Michigan and its impact on the Green family.

This collection consists of records generated by and collected by Hilda I. Green and the PBB Action Committee of Reed City, Michigan, concerning PBB contamination and poisoning in Michigan and its impact on the Green family. The collection is organized alphabetically by topic and then chronologically. Most of the collection consists of photocopies. The collection includes Green family medical records; herd, farm equipment and meat and dairy test results and forms; letters; court records, transcriptions of hearing testimony, and drafts of a book by Hilda I. Green. Records generated or collected by her and other members of the PBB Action Committee include: published scientific reports and journal articles, unpublished research papers, news clippings, white papers, and government bills and acts; correspondence with politicians, including President Gerald Ford’s office, Governor William Milliken, and Congressmen, officials in the Michigan Farm Bureau Services, the Michigan Departments of Agriculture and Public Health, scientists, physicians and hospitals, laboratories and research facilities, members of the public, and other Michiganders whose families and farms were poisoned by PBB including some medical records or health information; Committee published newsletters, press announcements and articles, forms, and handouts, and petitions supporting legislation to support farmers and more strongly control toxic substances in food products; transcriptions of testimony in trials and multiple special committee hearings; documentation of Michiganders’ purchases of meat and dairy products from multiple Michigan stores via receipts, Committee forms, and test results; partial records and exhibits from cases in multiple Michigan and federal courts.

Allergy Reminder: Parts of the collection have a mildew odor. Researchers with allergies should exercise caution when using the collection.

Court case materials and exhibits (with numbers) in the collection include: Michigan (MI). Circuit Court, Barry County, Floyd E. and Betty J. Jones v. MCC File # 76-232, 1978; MI. Circuit Court, Lake County, Alvin Green et al v. MCC # 76-815-NP, case dismissed August 7, 1979; MI. Circuit Court, Missaukee County, FBS v. Northwest Industries # 74-000530 NZ, 1974-1975; MI. Circuit Court, Newaygo County, Springstead and Jaunese v. Greer and Greer, P.C. # 79-4718-CK, 1980; MI. Circuit Court, Wexford County, Tacoma v. MCC # 76-2933-NZ, 1979; US. Bankruptcy Court for Eastern District MI Tort Cases #82-00651-W, 84-01478.G; US. District Court, Eastern District, US v. Velsicol, Touzeau, and Thorne, MI Criminal No # 79-8070 concealment and conspiracy to defraud government; US. District Court, Eastern District, MI, Northern Division, FBS Chapter 11 Bankruptcy # 82-00651-W; US. District Court, Western District, MI District, S. Division, FBS v. New Hampshire Insurance Co., #G74-372-CAS, 1982; and US. District Court, Western District, SE Division #G7 696 CA, 1966.

Medical records or documentation in the collection:

There is documentation of physical and mental health records for Alvin, Hilda, Doug, Cheroyl, Jederic, and Jim Green in the collection. Of these, in 2022, only Jederic and Jim Green are alive. Jim and Jederic completed permission forms allowing their health records to remain in the collection and be available to the public. Jim and Sallyann completed permission forms allowing health record of their deceased family members to remain in the collection and be available to the public. These forms are found in the relevant folders and noted on the folder labels.

Medical and health issues of the Green, Creighton, and Babett families, as well as other Michiganders, including their children, are publicly discussed and documented in public court cases, hearings, and special committee testimonies and newspaper clippings.

Related collections in the Clarke and other archives:

Researchers may also be interested in other collections in the Clarke that document the MI PBB catastrophe. Additionally, researchers may be interested in related PBB materials in the following collections of the State Archives collections: RG 2017-6 (Department of Agriculture), RG 93-39 (Department of Natural Resources), RG 92-60 (Attorney General), RG 91-412 (Attorney General) and RG 95-94 (Attorney General). The Department of Agriculture was in charge of killing the livestock, and the DNR buried the livestock. The records of Governor Milliken housed mainly in the Bentley Historical Library and in the State Archives may also be of interest.

Processing Notes:

Overall the collection is in good condition, although some of it has a mildew odor. A majority of the collection originally consisted of poor-quality photocopies made using various techniques. Copies made via thermal heat process, materials with rust or mildew damage, faded materials, health records, and newspaper clippings were prioritized for photocopying. The originals and duplicates were withdrawn and the more current, better-quality copies were retained in the collection.

Only a few of Alvin’s medical records had social security numbers in them. The numbers were blackened with a magic marker and then a photocopy was made of the page. The original was shredded and the copy was retained in the collection.

While some of the publications are national in range, such as the Farm bills, or available online, they were retained to show the breadth and depth of materials that the Greens collected for reference on the topic of PBB and related chemical contamination. Often the Greens retained only a page or two of a resource.

Originally the collection included a few examples of medical records and/or letters in which people discussed their medical issues related to PBB exposure. These people were not members of the Green family and either their identity or contact information could not be verified. These materials were shredded.

During processing 1.25 cubic foot of materials was withdrawn. Withdrawn materials consisted mostly of acidic materials, largely newspaper clippings, which were photocopied and the copies retained.

The Shaker collection includes a wide variety of materials written by or about Shakers.

The collection consists mostly of photocopied material written by or about Shakers. Most of the collection was copied from materials found either in the Clarke Historical Library or ordered via inter-library loan. The only materials which are originals in the collection are the Journal of Shaker Studies issues, (the) Clarion, the Correspondence, and Duffield’s Notes.

Materials are organize into the following topical series: Bibliographies, Broadsides, Correspondence (Duffield’s with Shaker organizations), Fiction, Fiction-Tangental (materials that appeared to be about Shakers but was not), Narratives, Nonfiction, Notes (Duffield’s), Periodicals, Poems, Vital Statistics, and Shaker Journals. The series are organized alphabetically, except the Shaker Journals, which are filed last as they require a larger box than the rest of the collection.

Within each series, materials are organized alphabetically by author’s last name or by title, if the author is unidentified. Periodicals include mailing lists and related materials for the Journal of Shaker Studies, various issues of the Manifesto, The Shaker, and (the) Clarion. The Shaker Journals are photocopied manuscripts of journals written by Shakers.

A later addition (Acc#67521) includes articles (copies) with typed transcripts and miscellaneous materials, such as photographs, brochures, postcards, sewing instructions (patterns), and other materials.

Processing Note: All published books and periodicals in the collection have been separately cataloged.

The family papers contains biographical materials, photographs, letters, postcards, travel papers, scrapbooks, photograph albums, and a leather wallet.

The Horn Family Papers, 1914-2022, and updated, contains biographical materials, photographs, letters, postcards, travel papers, scrapbooks, photograph albums, and a leather wallet. There are nine boxes of varying size, totaling three cubic feet. The papers are organized by size and alphabetically. Materials are in English and German. The majority of the collection consists of photographs of four generations of the Horn family. There are photographs of Wilhelm Horn in the German army in WWI and in the Stobs POW Camp in Scotland. Many folders contain Wilhelm and Anna’s immigration and citizenship documents for the United States and letters from the Horn Family in Germany sent to family members in Michigan. Wilhelm’s war service booklet, Wilhem and Anna’s German passports, and postcards are in German. Three folders contain educational materials from Frances Horn while she was in school. “My Wedding” by Frances Horn is a portfolio she made while in school of her ideal wedding. Wilhelm Horn’s military record is in German. Box 6 contains 2022 paper copies of digital documents that were originally contained on a CD. Box 4 is the only legal-size (.25 cubic foot) box with birth certificates, estate papers, immigration papers, and a membership paper for the Order of the Eastern Star. Five oversized photograph albums and scrapbooks complete the collection. The scrapbooks, mostly 1940s-1950s, were created by Elsie and Frances Horn. Besides photographs, these include programs from Saginaw concerts, Arthur Hill High School (Saginaw), the Saginaw Bears (a minor league baseball team), Detroit Lions and Tigers games, Central Normal School Homecoming, Saginaw sporting events, including track meets in which Fran competed, and Job’s Daughters (of which Fran was a member) photographs and programs, souvenirs from programs and dances, and newspaper clippings.

Processing Note: During processing 1.5 cubic feet of materials were withdrawn and returned to the owner as per the donor agreement, including duplicates, miscellaneous letters, blanks, reading materials, out-of-scope material, and miscellaneous publications. Five publications titles were separately cataloged, including four books and a newspaper.

The collection includes for Millbrook Lodge (3.25 cubic ft. of the records): histories, a student paper, reports, financial records, membership materials, correspondence, published materials, minute books, and miscellaneous; and for Blanchard Lodge No. 183 (Blanchard, Mich., .75 cubic ft. of the records) correspondence, officers' bonds, financial records, membership records, minutes, among other materials.

The collection includes the records of both the Blanchard and Millbrook Lodges. It is important in documenting these local organizations, but it is of particular interest because of Lewis D. Capen’s membership in the Millbrook Lodge. The collection is organized by series into Blanchard and then Millbrook Lodge materials, and then alphabetically and chronologically within each series.

The records of Blanchard Lodge No. 183 (.75 cubic ft.) includes: correspondence, 1944; membership, roster books, 1903-1939; minute books, 1923-1932; and various financial records, 1903-1930.

The records of Millbrook Level Lodge No 219 (7.25 cubic ft.) include historical background in a student paper about the records by Bradley A. Jerdon, 2001, two anniversary histories of the lodge, 1973 and 1948; and a printed Third Degree (ceremonial?) piece; various membership certificates and applications; correspondence from state and national officers and committees, other local chapters, and Lewis D. Capen, while serving in various offices, 1904-1981, undated; Ephemera, including pins and stars, 1922, undated; various members and officer lists; mortgage and lease papers; bank account statements; proclamations and resolutions; receipts, 1923-1981; various reports, 1950, (state and local) 1973-1981; a Ledger and Treasurer’s account, cash, and receipt books, 1909-1959; record and minute books, 1919-1958; membership books, 1909-1979; and various miscellaneous items.

The collection includes: the Council of Michigan Colleges of Education constitution, undated; Inter-faculty Council of Michigan correspondence, records, meeting minutes, and miscellaneous, 1953-1966; and Interfaculty Association of Degree-granting State Colleges and Universities of Education Articles of Incorporation and proposed reorganization papers, 1965-1966.

The collection was compiled from the records of some Central Michigan University (CMU) representatives to the Council as well as CMU vertical files. It is organized and alphabetical and chronological order. Included are some records of the following three organizations:

The Council of Michigan Colleges of Education is represented only by a Constitution, undated (1 folder).

The Inter-faculty Council of Michigan includes correspondence, committee records, meeting minutes, miscellaneous, materials of CMU students including a petition about student governance issues, and student senate meeting minutes, 1953-1966 (10 folders).

The Inter-faculty Association of Degree-granting State Colleges and Universities of Education consists of Articles of Incorporation and Proposed Reorganization papers, both undated, as well as one set each of meeting minutes for 1965 and 1966 (2 folders).

Processing Note: Duplicates, and 1950s financial records, such as receipts, were withdrawn during processing (approximately .25 cubic ft.).