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Collection

Musidora Cartwright diary, letter copies, and writings, 1859-1865

2 volumes

These two volumes comprise the diary of Musidora Ophelia Cartwright of Athens, Alabama, which she kept between November 1859 and July 1865. The volumes also contain her essays, poems, an address, and copies of correspondence with her classmates and family. These include letters to her brother Lieutenant Hezekiah J. Cartwright of the 9th Regiment, Alabama Infantry, who was captured at Gettysburg and held as a prisoner of war at Fort Delaware. Musidora Cartwright wrote about her life as teenager in Athens, school, farming, enslaved laborers, literary topics, and local effects the Civil War (including the Federal occupation of Huntsville, Athens, and Decatur).

These two volumes comprise the diary of Musidora Ophelia Cartwright of Athens, Alabama, which she kept between November 1859 and July 1865. The volumes also contain her essays, poems, an address, and copies of correspondence with her classmates and family. These include letters to her brother Lieutenant Hezekiah J. Cartwright of the 9th Regiment, Alabama Infantry, who was captured at Gettysburg and held as a prisoner of war at Fort Delaware. Musidora Cartwright wrote about her life as teenager in Athens, school, farming, enslaved laborers, literary topics, and local effects the Civil War (including the Federal occupation of Huntsville, Athens, and Decatur).

Musie Cartwright began her diary around a month before turning 14 years old. She began school in September 1859 and stopped attending on June 19, 1861, on account of the war. Her diary entries in this time tended to regard the seasons, beauty, nature, contentment, and fashion. As the months passed, she wrote about the effects of the war on herself, family, and surroundings; an entry dated January 3, 1861, for example, reads: "Our currency is deranged. Couriers are sent from North to South and from South to North to adjust difficulties though many think it is too late. The North says the South had done the damage, the South retaliates, and Solomon with all his wisdom (were he alive) could hardly tell which is right or wrong."

In January 1864, she described the destruction of many towns and villages by the "heartless invaders" who have rendered the area "of the great Tennessee Bend . . . a barren waste, our servants are driven off at the point of the bayonet, and our stock and provisions are carried off." She continued, noting that the enslaved men, women, and children, "forming so large a part of the population of the South are wickedly seduced or barbarously forced at the point of the bayonet to leave their kind masters, give up their pleasant homes and all the comforts of life . . . All this is done by those who pretend to be their best friends, - the Abolitionists."

Cartwright began the second volume of her diary with an entry on July 4, 1864, and then frequently used it as a place to copy her correspondence. In letters to her former classmates, she wrote about how as women could choose to be clerks, school mistresses, governesses, or enter the field of literature instead of "taking in sewing and weaving." She also desired to return to school. In letters to her brother, Lieut. Hezekiah J. Cartwright (9th Regiment, Alabama Infantry), she described the occupation of Huntsville, Athens, and Decatur by Federal troops.

Both volumes contain essays and poetry. The first includes short essays and poetry penned by Cartwright, as well as quotes from poems by Milton, Pope, and Addison. She copied numerous extracts from the poem "Festus" by Philip James Bailey. Her essay titled "Virginia" mentions the May 1863 death of Stonewall Jackson. The second volume continues with essays on classical, literary, and other subjects. Musidora Cartwright wrote an "Address to the Young Ladies of Limestone" in January 1865, encouraging young women not to "weaken" in the face of the War, and arguing that the South should not rejoin the Union.

Collection

Myers-Mason-Bailey family papers, 1790-1919

1.5 linear feet

The Myers-Mason-Bailey family papers are made up of correspondence, military records, invitations, and ephemera pertaining to Mordecai Myers; his wife, Charlotte Bailey; and their descendants. Much of the collection is housed in four large bound volumes dedicated to Theodorus Bailey Myers, compiled by his daughter Cassie.

The Myers-Mason-Bailey family papers are made up of correspondence, military records, invitations, and ephemera pertaining to Mordecai Myers; his wife, Charlotte Bailey; and their descendants. Much of the collection is housed in four large bound volumes compiled by Cassie Mason Myers James (also known as Cassie Julian-James).

The Correspondence series (52 items) contains incoming letters to members of the Bailey, Myers, and Mason families throughout the 19th century. A group of 18 items pertains to the military service of Mordecai Myers, a captain in the 13th Infantry Regiment during the War of 1812. Most of these concern supplies, orders, and other military matters related to the war in northern New York. Myers received personal letters from his son until the early 1840s. Additionally, the series contains a sheet of manuscript poems dated March 25, 1820, and April 12, 1820. Other items include letters to Sidney Mason from his brothers and letters by Theodorus B. M. Mason about his service on the Pensacola in the mid-1870s. Later items also pertain to Theodorus Mason's naval service.

The Military Orders series (15 items) relates to Mordecai Myers and the War of 1812 in New York. The orders mention troop movements, courts martial, and regulations. An undated return for Mordecai Myers's regiment is also present.

The Invitations, Receipt, Valentine, and Ephemera series includes invitations, programs, and other items addressed to members of the Mason family and to Cassie James. Many items are invitations for James and other members of her family to meet prominent political individuals, such as international ambassadors and members of the United States Cabinet, in the 1910s; one card invites "Lieutenant Commander and Mrs. T. B. James" to a reception hosted by William McKinley and his wife at the executive mansion on January 25, 1899. The receipt documents Sidney Mason's subscription to the American Jockey Club (September 20, 1867). Some items enclose newspaper clippings.

Cassie Mason Myers James compiled 4 volumes of Miscellanies Relating to Theodorus Bailey Myers , her father, in the early 20th century. The books contain correspondence, documents, photographs, publications, newspaper clippings, obituaries, visiting cards, ephemera, family trees, and other material related to various members of the Myers family, including Mordecai Myers, Theodorus Bailey Myers, and Theodorus Bailey Myers Mason. Much of the material is comprised of personal letters between family members, including letters from Theodorus Bailey Myers to his wife Catalina and daughter Cassie, and letters from Theodorus B. M. Mason to his sister Cassie, mother Catalina, and wife Edmonia. Passport documents for Catalina Myers and Cassie Mason James, dated between 1871 and 1897, appear throughout the fourth volume. Other items pertain to the Myers' and Masons' service in the United States Army and United States Navy throughout the 19th century, including participation in the War of 1812 and the Civil War. The photographs, which include formal studio portraits, outdoor photographs, and photographs of paintings, show family members, interiors and exteriors of residences, gravestones, and memorabilia.

Collection

New England Schoolmaster's teaching book, 1787-1811

1 volume

In this book, a traveling New England schoolteacher recorded instructional exercises, instructional explanations, poetry, and biographical information about pupils. The author taught in New Hampshire and present-day Maine. Subjects of instruction include arithmetic, surveying, geometry, nautical navigation, and writing.

A traveling New England schoolteacher recorded instructional exercises, instructional explanations, poetry, and biographical information about pupils in this volume (220 pages, 8" x 12") between 1787 and 1811. The author taught in New Hampshire and present-day Maine and entered personal information about teaching appointments throughout the volume. Individual lessons are dated as early as 1787, and the volume includes several lists of male and female pupils from teaching engagements in various towns, dated as late as 1811. Some lists of students are accompanied by the students' birthdates. Classes convened in schoolhouses, other public structures, and private homes.

Each page has a subject label, and several pages are comprised of miscellaneous questions entitled "A Collection of Questions," occasionally attributed to The London Magazine. Much of the volume pertains to instruction in mathematical subjects such as algebra, geometry, and trigonometry, and it includes diagrams, examples, and practical applications. Lengthy sections are devoted to surveying and nautical navigation (including "plane-sailing"), often with many diagrams. Other sections concern subjects such as writing and history, with examples of proverbs, deeds, marriage licenses, and letters for copying. Some pages have collections of anecdotes, proverbs, and poems, usually pertaining to morality and religion. A number of lengthier poems concern death and weddings, and one is entitled "Rodgers & Victory[:] Tit for tat. Or the Chesapeake paid for in British Blood!!!" Other parts include a cure for jaundice, a "rebus," a table of symbols for astronomical objects, information about "Occult Philosophy or Magic," instructions for gauging a copper kettle and a man of war, and a list of nouns with corresponding verbs and participles. Some of the material is copied from outside sources, such as John Love's Geodesia.

Collection

News Gitter manuscript magazines, 1913

9 items

This collection consists of four volumes of the "News Gitter" manuscript magazine or newsletter created by students from Wisconsin Creek, Montana, in 1913, as a part of a student literary society called the O.A.O., "Our Afternoon Off." Several additional pages of notes, poetry, and a partial address by Willis Funk, president of the O.A.O. commenting on its founding, are also present. Entries for the periodical include jokes and mock wanted advertisements, comments about school affairs and students, poetry, local news and weather, among other topics.

This collection consists of four volumes of the News Gitter manuscript magazine or newsletter created by students from Wisconsin Creek, Montana, in 1913, as a part of a student literary society called the O.A.O., "Our Afternoon Off." Several additional pages of notes, poetry, and a partial address by Willis Funk, president of the O.A.O. commenting on its founding, are also present. Entries for the periodical include jokes and mock wanted advertisements, comments about school affairs and students, poetry, local news and weather, among other topics.

Content relating to the students' educational experiences include discussions of examinations, jokes about teachers and lessons, commentary about school government, notices for upcoming performances, among other topics. Several entries specifically relate to a female teacher, Miss Le Tourneau. The manuscript magazines also feature material reflecting the students' social experiences. They document student absences and disputes, classroom antics, facilities issues, humor, and the formation of the literary society O.A.O., "Our Afternoon Off." Some of the entries reference romantic interests between students, while others reflect signs of puberty, like the entry in the first volume that noted "Willis Funk is developing a fine crop of whiskers." Some content relates to race and ethnicity, such as articles in volume three titled "Miniature Mexican Insurrection," one about "Two Irish lads… quar[rel]ing on the school house steps," and one that references African Americans and uses racial epithets.

Collection

Noah Deaton papers, 1862-1864

6 items

The Noah Deaton papers contain six letters written by Deaton to his father, William Deaton, and to his future wife, Sarah Jane McDonald, during his service in the 26th North Carolina Infantry Regiment of the Confederate Army. Deaton's regiment served in the Army of Northern Virginia during the Gettysburg campaign.

The Noah Deaton papers contain six letters written by Deaton to his father, William Deaton, and to his future wife, Sarah Jane McDonald, during his service in the 26th North Carolina Infantry Regiment. Deaton wrote mainly about military movements and interactions between his regiment and Union soldiers, including several skirmishes in Virginia and North Carolina. On one occasion, North Carolina Governor Zebulon Vance accompanied the regiment, as the Yankees broke up telegraph and railroad lines and eventually skirmished with the rebels outside of Goldsboro, North Carolina (December 19, 1862). Shortly after the Battle of Gettysburg, Deaton expressed his fear that the conviction of his fellow soldiers was waning, but he staunchly refused to submit to "Old Abe" (July 8, 1864). Deaton composed the final letter while imprisoned at Point Lookout, where he manufactured rings and breast pins for the Union Army. He described his condition as tolerable, but expressed pleasure at hearing news from home (October 10, 1864).

Deaton included a poem, "Soldiers Farewell," in his letter of June 23-30, 1863,

Collection

Oliver P. Miller account and note book, 1831-1873 (majority within 1831-1833, 1871-1873)

1 volume

This volume contains financial accounts related to the sale of goods in the 1830s and to civil court cases heard in the 1870s.

This volume contains financial accounts related to the sale of goods in the 1830s and to civil court cases heard in the 1870s.

The first section of the volume contains an anonymous individual's accounts regarding the sale of various goods, including foodstuffs, household supplies, and tobacco, between 1831 and 1852; most entries are dated 1831-1833. These records are accompanied by notes about planting, a description of a flood, and a brief poem composed mostly of three-word lines (p. 81a).

The second section of the volume consists primarily of notes regarding proceedings and judgments in civil court cases in Berrien County, Michigan, between 1871 and 1873. These notes often include the names of involved parties and details about hearings. Oliver P. Miller, a justice of the peace from Lake Township, is frequently mentioned.

List of cases:
  • George Washburn vs. Darwin Wrathman
  • Samuel McLellan vs. Darwin Wrathman
  • George Ennis vs. George Boyce
  • Jacob Raas vs. Warren Nelson
  • George Neidlinger vs. William Ushaw and Phillip Meyer
  • Andrew Johnson vs. L. Carpenter
  • People of the State of Michigan vs. Charles Sterling
  • James Lewis vs. John Stiles
  • George Neidlinger vs. W. H. H. Long

Other entries in this section of the journal include a "Form of Security for costs by nonresident," illustrated with the case of John Doe vs. John Jones; a "Form of Confession of Judgment;" the poem "The Vacant Chair;" and a song entitled "O come with me in my little canoe" [sic].

The following items are enclosed in the volume:
  • Order for Solomon Neidlinger to surrender his residence and notes on a dispute between Joseph Beans and Melissa B[eans]
  • Order for George Ennis to surrender his residence
  • A poem, "Lines dedicated to H and M"
  • Four pages from the Elson Grammar School Reader Book One
  • A recipe for "Washing Fluid"
  • A newspaper clipping featuring the following "Lost and Found Poems:"
    • "Unity"
    • "Hang Up the Baby's Stocking"
    • "Annabel Lee"
    • "I Don't Want to Play in Your Yard"
    • "Kingdom Coming"
    • "The Boat Song"
    • "The Discovery of America"
  • A cure for whooping cough
  • A newspaper clipping featuring "Poetry Written at my Mother's Grave"
Collection

Patten family papers, 1783-1907 (majority within 1805-1864)

0.25 linear feet

The Patten family papers contain correspondence, financial records, and other items related to the descendants and relatives of Isaac Patten of Chelmsford and Westford, Massachusetts.

The Correspondence series (134 items) contains personal correspondence between members of the Patten family and their acquaintances. Many of the letters concern the writers' lives in locations such as Ludlow, Massachusetts; Boston, Massachusetts; and Westford, Massachusetts. In the 1850s, Lydia Patten Brown received letters from George Starr and other acquaintances in Mendon, Illinois. The letters pertain to the writers' daily lives, family health and news, finances, religion, and other topics. An extract from a work about the Patten family's heraldic origins with a sketch of the family's coat of arms (April 2, 1800) and numerous poems are also present. Most of the letters are dated 1814-1864.

Documents and Financial Records (98 items) primarily concern the personal financial affairs of Isaac Patten, James P. Patten, and Rufus Patten. Items include receipts, accounts, estate documents, and at least two wills. Some documents pertain to real property. An anonymous author kept a 16-page Weather Journal from June 10, 1832-January 10, 1833. Daily entries record information about the temperature, wind, and precipitation, and the author once briefly referred to I. T. Patten.

The Genealogy series (3 items) has notes about the Patten family. The Miscellaneous series (5 items) has poetry, a fragment of a recipe, and a list of genealogical books.

Collection

Peter McGivney manuscript poetry and song lyrics album, [ca. 1870s?]

1 volume

This volume was produced by Peter McGivney as a gift for his sister, Julia A. McGivney. Its entries are largely copies of popular song lyrics and some poetry. Many focus on sentimental themes like remembrance, familial relationships, love, death, and religion. A few patriotic titles were included. Peter McGivney elaborately decorated and illustrated the volume with paintings, pencil drawings, pen-and-ink embellishments, printed scrapbook die-cuts, and calligraphic titles and borders. He drew numerous patriotic images, including American flags, shields, eagles, Union soldiers, and a portrait of George Washington. Flowers, leaves, birds, and landscapes feature prominently, along with depictions of women. He drew several illustrations of hands holding calling/visiting cards filled out with the names of friends and family members. One watercolor illustration of an African American man accompanies the lyrics of a minstrel song.

This volume was produced by Peter McGivney as a gift for his sister, Julia A. McGivney. Its entries are primarily copies of popular song lyrics and some poetry. Many focus on sentimental themes like remembrance, familial relationships, love, death, and religion. Some patriotic titles are also included. Titles like "Little Low Cabin" and "Half Way Doings" were likely minstrel songs, and include racist dialect. One is accompanied by a watercolor painting of an African American man in striped pants and a blue overcoat standing at a table with a Bible on it and a whitewash bucket on the floor.

Peter McGivney elaborately decorated and illustrated the volume with paintings, pencil drawings, pen-and-ink embellishments, printed scrapbook die-cuts, and calligraphic titles and borders. He drew numerous patriotic images, including American flags, shields, eagles, Union soldiers, and a portrait of George Washington. Flowers, leaves, birds, and landscapes feature prominently, along with depictions of women. He drew several illustrations of hands holding calling/visiting cards filled out with the names of friends and family members.

Attributable poetry and song titles include, among many others:
  • "The Lady’s Yes," by Elizabeth Barrett Browning
  • "Write Me a Letter [from] Home," by Will S. Hays
  • "[Darling] Minnie Lee," by Dexter Smith
  • "Ella Ree," by Charles E. Stewart
  • "God Bless My Boy at Sea," by T. Brigham Bishop
  • "Little Robin, Tell Kitty," by Frank Howard
  • "Killarney," by E. Falconer
  • "Sunny Days," by Edwin Ransford
  • "Remember Me," by M. W. Balfe
  • "We Parted by the River Side," by Will S. Hays
  • "The Last Rose of Summer," by Thomas Moore
  • "Lottie Lee," by C. T. Lockwood
  • "Kiss the Little Ones," by W. F. Wellman, Jr.
  • "Kiss Me Mother E'er I Die," by W. Dexter Smith, Jr.
  • "To a Beloved Woman," translated from Sappho
  • "Driven from Home," by Will S. Hays
  • "Bessy O'er the Lea" [e.g. "Darling Bessie of the Lea"], by George Cooper
  • "Our Own," by Margaret Elizabeth Sangster
  • "[When] The Corn is Waving, Annie Dear," by Charles Blamphin
  • "A Woman's Question," by Adelaide Anne Proctor
  • "Daisy O'Lynn," by M. H. McChesney
  • "I'll Remember You Love in my Prayers," by Will S. Hayes
  • "Don't be Angry With Me, Darling," by W. L. Gardner
  • "The Good Bye at the Door," by J. E. Carpenter
  • "Love On," by Eliza Cook
  • "Sweet Genevieve," by George Cooper
  • "When the [Autumn] Leaves are Falling," by J. E. Carpenter
  • "Mother, Is the Old Home Lonely," by Arthur W. French
  • "The Golden Side," by Mary Ann Kidder
  • "Wait Till the Moonlight Falls on the Water," by Sam Bagnall
  • "The Bells of Shadow" [e.g. "The Shandon Bells"], by Francis Mahony
  • "Annie of the Vale," by G. P. Morris
  • "My Pretty Jane," by Edward Fitzball
  • "Silver Threads among the Gold," by Eben E. Rexford
  • "When I Saw Sweet Nellie Home," by John Fletcher
  • "Come Like a Beautiful Dream," by George Cooper
  • "What Will I Do Without Thee," by Elmer Ruan Coates
  • "Star of the Evening," by James M. Sayles
  • "The Good Bye at the Door," by J. E. Carpenter
  • "Memory Bells," by Henry Tucker
  • "I Love the Merry Sunshine," by J. W. Lake
  • "Every Home has Lost a Darling," by George Cooper
  • "Wilt thou say Farewell Love," by Thomas Moore
  • "A Sweet Face at the Window," by W. C. Baker
  • "Faded Flowers," by I. H. Brown
  • "The Blind Girl," by Joshua Swan
  • "What Will I Do Without Thee," by Elmer Ruan Coates
  • "Why Was I Looking Out," by Claribel
  • "God Save the Flag," by Oliver Wendell Holmes
Images with titles include:
  • "Fair Maid of Perth"
  • "Arabella Dolora"
  • "A little Puss"
  • "Rebecca at the Well"
  • "E Pluribus Unum"
  • "Excelsior"
  • "The French Iron Clad Solferino"
  • "Volcano of Turrialba (Mexico)."
  • "View of Paknam on the Memam. Farther - India"
  • "The Rose of Orleans"
  • "The Queen of Flowers"
  • "Marriot's Aerial Steam Carriage. 'Avitor.'"
  • "Love in Winter"
  • "Dressing for the Masquerade"
  • "William Penn first Settler of Pennsylvania 1675"
  • "The Tambourine Player"
  • "Love in Summer"
Collection

Phebe Plant collection, 1801-1830s (majority within 1814-1819)

53 items

The Phebe Plant collection is mostly made up of personal correspondence between Plant and her friend Martha Barnes, especially regarding their religious convictions, as well as letters to Plant's mother, Rebecca Hearsey. Other items include a religious diary and poetry.

The Phoebe Plant collection (53 items) is mostly made up of personal correspondence between Plant and her friend Martha Barnes, as well as letters to Plant's mother, Rebecca Hearsey. Martha Barnes wrote to Phebe Plant from 1814-1819, often discussing her religious convictions and, on one occasion, a religious experience with an auditory component (April 21, 1818; in letter dated April 16, 1818). In a letter dated March 1815, she discussed her reaction to a book about Harriet Newell. Plant's letters to Barnes are mainly contained in an 18-page set of retained copies, which includes entries dated from December 19, 1814-November 30, 1815. Plant wrote about her Christian convictions. Other items by Plant include a religious diary with infrequent entries (July 2, 1816-June 15, [1817], 12 pages) and a poem "composed on the death of a wife" (1818).

After Plant's death in 1819, Martha Barnes occasionally wrote to Plant's mother, Rebecca Hearsey, offering condolences and reflecting on her friendship with Plant. The collection also contains letters that Rebecca Hearsey received from members of the Judd family and others; an account about the estate of Joseph Plant of Southington, Connecticut; and an invoice addressed to the Hearsey family (June 12, 1815).

Collection

Philena Kendall papers, 1820-1895 (majority within 1850s-1870s)

97 items

The Kendall collection consists of 95 letters written to Philena Kendall, a Quaker from New Castle County in Delaware, from female family members and friends, particularly her aunt Mabell, her sister Emma, and her sister-in-law Emily. The papers also include two handmade volumes of Phildena Kendall's poetry and clippings from newspapers.

Most of these 95 letters were written to Philena Kendall from female family members and friends, particularly her aunt Mabell, sister Emma, and sister-in-law Emily. There are three early letters written by Philena to her parents, while she was visiting relatives in West Chester and Washington D.C. This is a typical collection of family correspondence, and most of the letters are full of news about family members and local events.

People teased Philena about her beaux throughout her life, and it is difficult to tell why she did not marry. "I do wonder if ever I will be married," she mused, in a letter to her parents (1853 February 27). Writing home while she was in Washington D. C., Philena gushed about her "Delaware friend," even as she bragged about how the Governor of Alabama (John Anthony Winston) had asked her to accompany him to church. "I would not give my little Delaware friend (if I had him) for all the rich and great men of the south or any other part of the world," she declared (1854 April 9). Her visit to Washington was nonetheless a social triumph. In addition to attending a Catholic church and spending the afternoon with the Governor, Philena received invitations to visit "Ohio New Orleans &c" before returning to her home.

A letter from Mabell indicates that Philena's "true and honnerable little Farmer" died later that year: "it is a great sattisfaction to me that thee has been so wonderfully supported so far to bear up through thy many trials, and also that thee has received so much sympathy and kindness from his family and friends and also from thine" (1854 November 18). When Mabell continued, "I firmly trust that such warmth of feeling may never wax cold. I well know that it is often as thee says but I hope it will not be so in thy case," she might have been responding to a statement by Philena to the effect that she would now become a spinster rather than marry another.

The kinswomen were often separated, for they lived far enough away that visits had to be arranged. The most important aspect of the arrangements was locating a man willing to drive a woman from one town to another. Time and again, visits were put off indefinitely because the available escorts did not have the time or inclination to drive the women, and were "bitterly opposed" to letting them drive themselves. Having a beau at one's beck and call enhanced the chances of getting a ride, but beaux were not always in abundance (1851 Dec. 14). Phebe, a friend of Philena's who lived in West Chester, wrote, "thee was very kind to tell me the road to Delaware but the very thing I want I have not got and that is somebody to bring me" (1852 May 9). Another friend agreed that "men will not stop their work to let women abroad, at least ours won't" (1858 August 29).

Often the women had to rely on letters to maintain and sustain their friendships. Phebe consoled herself by telling Philena, "when i am writeing to thee it seems all most as though I was talking to thee i am very glad thare is sutch things as pens ink and paper for without them i don't know what would become of thee and me for if we cannot get to see one another we can at least write letters" (1852 July 17). "Writeing" was a struggle for many, including Phebe, and these correspondences often languished. Even if writing was not a struggle, finding the time in which to write could be a serious obstacle.

The liveliest letters were written by Philena's merry aunt Mabell, who often did get beyond listing who had died and what the weather was like. In the middle of a letter she interposed, "after writing this far I laid my pen & paper by to get supper for I am the maid of all work as the saying is. Some of the people in this place think it quite unlady like to go in to the kitchen so I think I must be extremely vulgar in their eyes for that is generly where I am to be found, but I don't care for all they can say about me I just feel as independent as a wood sawyer amongst them" (1851 August 10). She regularly made light of the tremendous amount of work she had to do. During a period when she was fixing breakfast for thirteen or more people before six o'clock every morning, she focused on her happiness that Emmor had more people helping with the harvest (1853 September 11). Another time she wrote, "We have been verry buissy all fall and winter sewing & quilting Butchering and various other things which we find to occupy our time. I have hardly been inside of a neighbours house except when some one was sick for the last six months" (1867 January 20).

The Kendalls and Entrikins were Quakers, but they did not write to each other about religious topics. The sole exception is an early letter from Richard Pryor to John Kendall, which is extremely religious in tone (1832 June 26). There are frequent -- but brief -- mentions of attending meeting. The only longer description is of "the largest meeting ever" held at the Kennett Square meeting house, but Philena's sister Emma does little more than comment on the vast quantity of carriages (1878 January 20).

The collection also includes two of Philena Kendall's handmade volumes of poetry, one composed of original poems and one a scrapbook of published pieces, both featuring painted paper wrappers. The collection of original poetry dates from December 1851 through February 1852, and consists of ten poems, eight of which are acrostics. Philena Kendall's 50-page scrapbook is dated 1853 and has over 150 clippings of printed poetry and articles pasted over the pages of the Foreign Missionary Chronicle, volume 7 (February 1839). While both volumes focus primarily on friendship, love, family relationships, and religion, the scrapbook also includes poems on death, nature, Native Americans, firemen, Whigs, slavery, and other topics. A news article on a "young mulatto" attempting to murder her employers' daughter also appears in the scrapbook, as well as an excerpt of a "Chinese Song."