Women in the Resistance Papers, 1974-1998 (majority within 1974-1985)

Summary

Creator:

Rossiter, Margaret L.

Abstract:

Margaret LaFoy Rossiter (1914-1991) was an internationally recognized author. A founder of the Women's Studies Program and a professor of Modern European History at Eastern Michigan University in Ypsilanti, Michigan, she was an alumna of Bryn Mawr College and Douglass College of Rutgers University. She was the author of several articles and the book, Women in the Resistance. The bulk of the collection documents the research that went into writing Women in the Resistance. It contains approximately seven linear feet of interview transcripts and audio recordings, government documents, correspondence, articles, excerpts, photographs, ephemera, questionnaires, personal accounts and drafts of chapters as well as some research for, and reprints and drafts of, other works.

Extent:

8 Linear Feet

Language:

English
English
English

Authors:

Encoded finding aid prepared by Kathleen Dow, 2007

Background

Scope and Content:

The Margaret L. Rossiter Women in the Resistance Papers were deposited with the Special Collections by her estate in 1998. The collection primarily offers insight into the strategies, challenges and day to day workings of French resistance groups, also referred to as the maquis, who were engaged in underground efforts to liberate France from German occupation during World War II and the personal experiences of the people involved. Artifacts document the lives of pilots and resisters (many of whom were women and sometimes referred to as helpers), military plans and the international world of politics during this time, particularly in France. The collection contains the research that was the basis of Rossiter's book and also offers a look at the resistance research she did not include because it may have been beyond the book's scope. The collection also offers a look into Rossiter's research and political interests outside the French resistance.

Consisting of seven linear feet of material, the Margaret L. Rossiter Women in the Resistance Papers are divided into ten series: Escape and Evasion; Name Files; Military Action and Intelligence; The Resistance; General History (France- World War II); Ephemera; Drafts; Publication and Distribution; Other Research; and Audiovisual Materials . Researchers should note that most series relate to the subject matter and research involved in Women in the Resistance , whereas the series "Other Research" pertains to research and subject matter Rossiter pursued in addition to work towards the book.

The Escape and Evasion series consists of one and a half linear feet. It contains materials pertaining to the experience of American and British Air Force pilots who became evaders and escapers (those who managed to get out of German-occupied territory or were captured and managed to get out of concentration camps) during World War II. The terms escaper and evader often seem to be used interchangeably throughout the book and collection to refer to the soldiers the resisters aided via escape lines. Escape lines, also known as escape organizations or escape networks, were manned land-routes out of German-occupied territory. The escape lines were organized by resistance groups to aid Allied soldiers. This series primarily contains information about experiences of members of the American Air Force Escape and Evasion Society (AFEES) and information on the workings of specific escape lines. Included are the research questionnaires Rossiter distributed to many AFEES members who served in World War II, and the many detailed, personal accounts she received back from them. Rossiter had substantial correspondence over the years with many of these men. The series also contains National Archives and Records Administration (NARA) documents and other materials pertaining to AFEES members and their experiences. The Escape Lines subseries contains primarily government documents along with some of Rossiter's notes, articles, excerpts and correspondence which provide general information about escape lines as well as information about specific lines. The list of specifically-named lines is not exhaustive. Information on escape by sea and pertaining particularly to members of the British Royal Air Force is also included.

The Name Files series consists of two linear feet of material organized by name. If listed in the index of Women in the Resistance, which usually employs the name a person used at the time of the French resistance, that name was used here. If the person has since changed his or her name, either first or last, that name is indicated in parentheses. This series contains information mostly about the women resisters on whom the book focuses as well as some materials about other individuals who were involved in, or particularly knowledgeable about, the resistance. It contains a collection of interview transcripts, for some of which the audio recordings can be found in the Audiovisual Materials and Descriptive Information series (Box 7). It also contains government documents, newspaper and magazine articles, excerpts of books and photographs as well as correspondence with and about the subject of the file.

The Military Action and Intelligence series consists of approximately one linear foot. It contains information on American, British and Free French government-proscribed military plans, action and information-seeking during World War II. The Bombings, Planes and Losses subseries consists of government documents, pamphlets, Rossiter's calculations, book excerpts and correspondence pertaining to the number of Allied planes dispatched and lost as well as military personnel casualties. The Sabotage subseries consists primarily of book excerpts and some articles and official documents describing activities of "irregular" military organizations, such as the Special Operations Executive (SOE) and the Bureau Central de Renseignements et d'Action (BCRA). These organizations were formed in order to prepare secret armies, instigate revolt, gather intelligence and disrupt and destroy Nazi initiatives and equipment via less traditionally employed military means. The SOE was a British organization that was separate from intelligence organizations MI 6 and MI 9 and worked specifically with the resistance in France. The BCRA was a Free French intelligence agency based out of London. The Military Intelligence Service (MIS-X) was a United States Intelligence organization formed to assist evaders and prisoners of war. The MIS-X subseries primarily contains government documents pertaining to strategies and actions of the organization during World War II. The Office of Strategic Services (OSS) and the Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) subseries trace the history of those organizations and their functioning during World War II. The OSS was a United States intelligence agency formed during World War II. Over half of the OSS subseries consists of National Archives and Records Administration (NARA) documents, and the other half consists of articles, book excerpts, pamphlets, government documents and other research material, all pertaining to OSS actions during World War II and the transition of the OSS into the CIA. The CIA being the current manifestation of the OSS, the CIA subseries is divided between government documents provided by the CIA pertaining to OSS actions during World War II, articles about the Freedom of Information Act (FOIA) and Rossiter's FOIA requests for information from the CIA. The Military Archives Division is part of NARA and this subseries documents Rossiter's correspondence and phone conversations with John Taylor, an archivist there. Taylor assisted Rossiter with locating documents for Women in the Resistance and also put her in contact with government people who were involved in the French resistance. The Women in the Military subseries provides readings, pamphlets and government documents relating to the roles of women in the British and United States military during World War II.

The Resistance series consists of about half a linear foot. It contains NARA documents, articles, maps, book excerpts and information about books related to the contribution of resistance groups to Allied Forces military initiatives and the women involved. It also contains specific information on the Comité d'Oeuvres Sociales de la Résistance (COSOR) which was created by the Algiers government to provide social services to resistance groups, as well as information on military decorations awarded to members of the resistance and timelines of events.

The General History (France- World War II) series consists of three folders containing government documents, Rossiter's notes, ephemera and book excerpts relating to the religious and governmental environment in France during World War II. The materials relate particularly to Protestantism, Catholicism and deportation and internment.

The Ephemera series consists of twelve folders. It contains artifacts such as brochures, newsletters and articles that pertain to organizations, events and memorials commemorating the French resistance.

The Drafts series is a little over half a linear foot and is made up of drafts of sections of Women in the Resistance and research materials, including articles and book excerpts, related to those sections. The chapter order and contents do not necessarily reflect those of the final version of the book. Because the majority of the collection consists of research materials Rossiter used in writing the book, the research materials in this series do not appear to be the only sources Rossiter used for the drafts with which they are included, but reflect the original order of the materials as they were donated.

The Publication and Distribution series consists of fifteen folders containing writing guidelines, correspondence and articles and excerpts about how to get published as well as correspondence with editors and potential publishers. The materials include some photographs, and related permissions, that were included in the book, reviews of Women in the Resistance and correspondence and documents relating specifically to Rossiter's relationship and negotiations with University of Michigan Press, Yale University Press and finally Praeger Publishers.

The Other Research series consists of roughly half a linear foot. It contains reprints and drafts of Rossiter's works other than Women in the Resistance and research materials on what appear to be additional academic, political and personal topics. Rossiter researched the history of women in Europe and the United States and the History of Women subseries contains related pamphlets, articles, book excerpts and essays as well as a selected bibliography, Rossiter's notes and newsletters from feminist organizations. She also followed the Klaus Barbie trial and the Klaus Barbie subseries contains relevant articles. Her political interests appear to have included U.S. government involvement in Iran, Libya and Nicaragua in the 1980s. The Political subseries contains articles about the government's involvement as well as Rossiter's letters protesting the government's actions in these regions to government officials and members of the media. Rossiter may have done some research towards her personal travel as this series also contains a few articles and pamphlets on travel in France, Michigan, New Zealand and Tahiti contained in the Travel subseries.

The Audiovisual Materials series consists of one linear foot of audio tapes and a folder of note cards. Some tapes are not labeled or are only partially labeled and the contents are yet to be determined. The labeled tapes contain interviews, lectures, conferences and talks primarily about the French resistance but contain some information relevant to Rossiter's other research on women's studies and Libya as described above. The interviews are with evaders, resistance members, professors and other people particularly knowledgeable about the French resistance. These interviews were performed by Rossiter or her assistants or recorded from television. The note cards give descriptions of the audio cassettes' contents but the numbering on the cards does not match the numbering on the cassette labels. The content of the cassettes as indicated on the cards does reflect the content as indicated on the cassette labels but in a different order.

Biographical / Historical:

Margaret Rossiter was born in East Orange, New Jersey in 1914. In 1936, she received her bachelor's degree from Douglass College of Rutgers University. She went on to get her master's degree at Bryn Mawr College in political science in 1938, and from 1938 to 1939, attended the Graduate Institute of International Studies in Switzerland. She then returned to Bryn Mawr College and earned her doctorate in history in 1941.

Over the course of her career, she worked in several research capacities. In 1942, she worked as a research associate for the Foreign Policy Association in New York. From 1943 to 1945 she was a research associate with the U.S. Department of State in Rio de Janeiro. In 1945, she married Theodore Rossiter with whom she had two children, David and Marcia. In 1946, she published her first article.

In 1965, she began her twenty-five year career as a faculty member at Eastern Michigan University (EMU) where she specialized in women's and twentieth-century history. She aided in the founding of the Women's Studies Program for which she served as the University's first coordinator from 1973 to 1976.

After retiring from EMU in 1980, she continued researching, giving presentations and publishing. She published in academic journals, and, in 1986, she published Women in the Resistance with Praeger Publishers. Even after the publication of this substantial work, Rossiter continued to be actively involved in public speaking and political and academic research until her death in 1991 of a heart attack while on a Caribbean cruise with her husband. She was 76 years old.

Sources:

Basom, T.E., Borland, C.J. and Lautenbach, R.L. (Eds.). (1982). Directory of American Scholars (8th ed.). (p. 650), New York: R.R. Bowker.

Biography and Geneaology Master Index. Rossiter, Margaret LaFoy. Retrieved June 21, 2007 from http://galenet.galegroup.com/servlet/BGMI.

McLean, D.K. (1991). EMU Professor Emerita Margaret Rossiter Dies. Michigan: Eastern Michigan University News

Acquisition Information:

The collection was donated to the library by Margaret L. Rossiter's estate in 1998. No additions are anticipated.

Processing information:

Collection processed and finding aid created by Elizabeth Pickard and Kathleen Dow, 2007.

Subjects

Click on terms below to find any related finding aids on this site.

Subjects:

Escapes -- France -- History -- 20th century.
France -- History -- German occupation, 1940-1945.
Guerrillas -- France -- Biography.
Women -- France -- History -- 20th century.
Women -- United States -- History -- 20th century.
World War, 1939-1945 -- Aerial operations, American.
World War, 1939-1945 -- Aerial operations, British
World War, 1939-1945 -- Aerial operations, French.
World War, 1939-1945 -- Participation, Female.
World War, 1939-1945 -- Secret service -- Great Britain.
World War, 1939-1945 -- Secret service – United States.
World War, 1939-1945 -- Underground movements -- France.
World War, 1939-1945 -- Women -- France.
World War, 1939-1945 -- Women -- United States.

Formats:

Correspondence
Drafts
Audiotapes
Interviews

Names:

Albert-Lake, Virginia d', 1910-1997
Aubrac, Lucie, 1912-2007
Cormeau, Yvonne
Frenay, Henri, 1905-1988
Goillot, Virginia, 1906-1982
Hespel, Bertranne d'
Kenney, Paul
Krol, Theodore
Lindell, Mary
Maeght, Rosemary
Mandell, Nicholas
Mauduit, Roberta, Countess de
McElroy, James
Munday, James S.
Patton, Ralph
Buffet-Picabia, Gabrielle
Pichard, Michel
Rochester, Devereaux
Spevak, Edward J.
Spinning, William H.
Soulie, Genvieve
Leyton, Drue
Tillion, Germaine