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The volume contains extensive information on the officers and enlisted men of the New York 18th Infantry, including their hometowns, occupations, physical characteristics, and injuries and deaths.

The United States Army 18th New York Infantry descriptive book contains records relating to the officers and enlisted men in the 18th New York Infantry, whose term of service was from May 17, 1861, to May 28, 1863. The first 25 pages in the volume (pp. 4-28) contain the names, ranks, dates of appointment, and remarks for the regiment's commissioned officers, organized by company. The remarks primarily note casualties and promotions.

The second part of the volume (pp. 37-263) lists the names of the enlisted men in the regiment, along with age, height, complexion, eye and hair color, birthplace, occupation, enlistment information, and remarks for each. This detailed information shows that many of the soldiers were immigrants from Germany, England, Ireland, and Russia. The volume also provides information on where casualties were suffered and which soldiers deserted. An unknown person used pages 197-200 as a diary for January to August 1900.