Collections

Charles Watkins' letterbook contains copies of letters written by Watkins while searching for gold in California in 1854.

Among the most interesting and literate Gold Rush collections in the Clements Library, Charles Watkins' letterbook contains copies of 14 lengthy, descriptive letters, written to his siblings during a sojourn in California in 1854. With an exceptional eye for detail and an enjoyable sense of humor about himself and others, Watkins' letters provide a startlingly carefree perspective on the California scene, where even personal misfortunes paled in the face of overwhelming opportunities for "fun."

Watkins' upbringing remains something of a mystery, although a few hints can be gleaned from his correspondence. His letters indicate a highly practiced hand, and the larding-in of classical allusions suggest that his education may have been somewhat better than average.

Nearly every letter is polished and well thought out, and suggest he was as wide a reader as he was a traveler: at times, his readings of romance stories and dime novels seem to have helped him to cast his own experiences for his sisters and brother. Thus, in describing his meeting with a group of California Indians, to his sister, Abby, he recreates the dime novelist's melodramatic Indian: "The California Indians are different from any others that I have ever met with, they are filthy in their habits and treacherous in their disposition. I had an encounter with a few of them at night shortly after my arrival in the mountains. I had lost my way travelling alone about 10 miles from Coloma and did not know exactly where I was, stopped by two of the Indians belonging as I afterwards learned to a camp near Coloma, my hand was instantly on my trusty revolver and visions of poisoned arrows, scalping knives, burning at the stake &c &c flitted through my mind as I prepared for the combat, it was a fit scene for a novel or tragedy..." (1854 May 20). After building the suspense and drawing out the encounter at great length, in the tradition of the classic dime novel, Watkins suspends the conclusion of his story to a later letter, where he deflates the apparent danger of death-by-poison-arrow into a pathetic account of poverty and beggary.

Watkins' letters include fine descriptions of the passage across the Nicaraguan, and some excellent descriptions of the wandering life among the central and southern mining districts. Particularly in his early letters, he provides fine descriptions of mining techniques and mining activities, and the composite picture that emerges of the miners themselves is fascinating.

Historian of the C.C.C. in Michigan. Research materials.

The Symon collection consists of research material created and accumulated for his book on the C.C.C. in Michigan. Included are correspondence with, and reminiscences of, former CCC members, miscellaneous CCC publications, newspaper clippings, and photographs.

This collection includes 13 letters that Charles T. Hancock, Jr., wrote to his parents in Mount Vernon, New York, while working for the Civilian Public Service (CPS) near Glendora, California, from 1943-1944. He discussed his life in camp, the scenery, pacifism, and his leisure activities.

This collection primarily contains 13 letters that Charles T. Hancock, Jr., wrote to his parents in Mount Vernon, New York, while working for the Civilian Public Service (CPS) near Glendora, California, from 1943-1944. He discussed his life in camp, the scenery, pacifism, and his leisure activities.

Hancock addressed his letters to his parents, Charles T. and Florence R. Hancock, who had recently moved from the Bronx, New York, to Mount Vernon, New York. He composed 13 letters between June 21, 1943, and August 29, 1944, primarily about his time at the Civilian Public Service Camp at Petersham, Massachusetts, and at the San Dimas Civilian Public Service Camp in Glendora, California, where he worked in agricultural jobs and helped with a timber survey near Big Bear Lake. He described life at the camps and in Glendora, where he spent some of his leisure time and socialized with students from Scripps College. He visited Ensenada, Mexico (letter of May 15, 1944), and commented on the currency, attitudes toward the war, the Mexican Army, and the scenery. On his return to California, he passed through San Diego, where he noticed the camouflage netting around Consolidated and Douglas airplane manufacturing plants. Hancock made occasional remarks about pacifism and mentioned Methodist and Quaker religious meetings. In his letter of July 18, 1944, he enclosed an excerpt from Eleanor Roosevelt's column "If You Ask Me," in the Ladies Home Journal, and a program from a London String Quartet performance.

Additional items are an undated letter to Florence Hancock from H. Brewster of North Hollywood, California, a brochure for the Padua Hills Theater and its "Mexican Players," and a newspaper clipping about a home in Chatham, Massachusetts.

Ann Arbor, Michigan civil rights activist known for his confrontational style and advocate of black economic development, welfare rights, affordable housing and other causes, and a founder of the Washtenaw County Black Economic Development League. Papers, primarily documenting his work with the WCBEDL, include correspondence, scrapbooks, trial transcripts, and photographs.

The Charles Thomas, Jr. papers relate mainly to the activities of WCBEDL, the organization founded by Thomas in 1970. Materials in the collection include scrapbooks, trial transcripts, newsclippings, photographs, and correspondence, (including four letters from Coretta Scott King located in the WCBEDL correspondence file).

The Charleston Riot records contain depositions and telegraphs from a riot in Charleston, Illinois between the 54th Illinois Infantry and locals who opposed the draft and the Civil War.

The Charleston Riot records contain 80 depositions taken from soldiers and civilians during an inquest into riots held during the first week of April, 1864, along with a series of 15 telegrams transmitted during the riots ordering reinforcements and relaying news of the situation. The depositions are a rare glimpse into the violent opposition to the war and into the sorts of local animosities and political divisions rending the heart of the Midwest.

The Townshend papers included the private and public records of Charles Townshend who served in various positions in the government of Great Britain including as Secretary of War during the Seven Years War and as Chancellor of the Exchequer where he authored the Townshend Acts to tax the American colonies.

The Townshend papers contain approximately 2,600 items, including letters, documents, accounts, and printed matter relating to the public life and activities of Charles Townshend, gathered largely during the last period of his career. The collection is an extremely valuable resource for study of British commercial and mercantile policy in the 1760s, administrative perspectives on the mounting crisis in the North American colonies, and the inner workings of British political life. The papers reflect Townshend's serious research efforts in his role as policymaker; much of the collection consists of documents that he gathered for his own information on legal cases, British politics, financial and treasury matters, and affairs in North America, the West Indies, and Africa. Also present is a small amount of incoming and outgoing correspondence and an assortment of memoranda and speech drafts by Townshend. The collection spans 1660-1804, but the bulk centers around the 1750s and 1760s, when Townshend held an appointment on the Board of Trade and Plantations (1748-1754) and served as Lord of the Admiralty (1754), Secretary-at-War (1762-1763), President of the Board of Trade (1763-1765), Paymaster General (1765-1766) and Chancellor of the Exchequer (1766-1767). The collection was originally arranged by Charles Townshend into numerous bundles marked with wrappers. This original order has largely been maintained and hence, document types and topics are scattered across the collection. One volume of letters sent from Charles Townshend to Dr. Richard Brocklesby (1722-1797) was acquired separately and was formerly a part of Thomas Phillipps library as Ms 15648.

See "Additional Descriptive Data" for a partial subject index of the papers as well as a list of printed matter in the collection.

Correspondence

A moderate amount of Townshend's incoming and outgoing correspondence is located throughout the collection. This includes contemporary copies of his letters to and from William Barrington and Thomas Gage relating to the War Office during his time as Secretary-at-War (Box 8/ Bundle 2), numerous incoming letters concerning patronage and requesting favors (8/3/A), and correspondence between Townshend and John Morton concerning politics and happenings in the House of Commons in 1764-1766 (8/37). Also present are a series of letters written from the Mediterranean by Commodore Augustus Keppel, describing British peace negotiations with Tunis and Tripoli and the signing of a treaty on October 21, 1751, (Box 297/1/2) and incoming correspondence on a variety of topics from William Dowdeswell, George Sackville-Germain, George Younge, William Shirley, Edmund Burke, Wellbore Ellis, George Macaulay, Edward Walpole, Henry Pelham-Clinton (3rd Duke of Newcastle), and John Stuart, (3rd Earl Bute). A separate volume includes correspondence sent from Charles Townshend to Dr. Richard Brocklesby between 1763 and 1765, including personal reflections on political affairs, reactions to events and key figures, comments about publications and public opinion, and more.

Legal Papers

The collection also contains scattered documents relating to legal issues and court cases in the late-18th century. The box marked 8/5 contains accounts of the court cases of the following parties, heard before the House of Lords and the Commissioners of Appeals in 1760: Francis Watkins; Francis Dalby; the Proprietors of Sulbrave, Northamptonshire; the Pennsylvania Land Company; a group of London fishmongers; and John Potter, Archbishop of Canterbury. Also represented are several cases concerning prizes captured by Dutchmen (8/5). Other legal papers include those relating to Townshend's wife, Caroline, 1st Baroness Greenwich, which span 1754 to 1789 and are located in Box 298, and documents concerning Samuel Waldo and his service in the Siege of Louisburg (8/24/a).

Other Documents

The Charles Townshend papers contain numerous documents gathered by Townshend for his own information or created by him during the process of policymaking. These include many items relating to North America, including reports on trade, military matters, the characteristics and features of various regions, and debates on British policies. Among the military-related topics addressed are recruitment for the British army in North America in the years 1753-1763 (8/22), expenses of maintaining a force in North America for 1765-1766 (8/28), the cost of maintaining various British forts (8/31), and the debate over foreign officers' commissions in America in 1756 (8/4). Other items concern trade between North America and Great Britain; this includes a 1761 memorandum on the prevalence of smuggling in Boston (297), information on Newfoundland fisheries (8/4 and 299), and notes on the importation of iron bar from America (299). A group of undated documents relate to the settlement of East and West Florida (8/34) and the expenses related to the settlement of East Florida by Greeks (297/4/5). Box 8/31 contains Townshend's own notes on his proposal to impose new duties on salt, wine, oil, fruit, glass, tea, sugar, molasses, china, and paper. A draft of the Townshend Duties is also included in the papers.

Other documents in the collection concern a variety of British political matters, such as contested 1754 English parliamentary elections (8/32), estimates of the strength of several parties in the House of Commons (8/42), and proceedings against John Wilkes in the House of Commons (296). The collection also includes Townshend notes for his speeches opposing the Marriage Act (298), and documents concerning his election to Parliament for Great Yarmouth in 1754 and 1756 (8/52).

Additional scattered papers relate to world trade and matters of the British Treasury. A substantial amount of material concerns the East India Company, including debates on the taxation of tea, memoranda concerning precedents for government intervention in East India Company matters, and Townshend's 1766 notes on a bill concerning East India, all of which are located in the Bowhill Box. Box 298 contains many lists and statistics on British imports and exports abroad, particularly to the North American colonies. Other documents pertain to the British manufacture of earthenware and china, the coal trade (8/40), and trade with Africa, including the activities of the Committee on African trade in 1752-1754 (297/5/3).

Ypsilanti, Michigan automobile salesman, antique collector for Greenfield Village, and real estate agent for the Ford Motor Company. Correspondence, newspaper clippings, and pamphlet material concerning his work for Ford Motor Company, and his interest in William H. McGuffey and Stephen Foster; and photographs.

The collection has been arranged into the following series: Correspondence; Newspaper clippings; Printed Material; Greenfield Village acquisitions; Real estate acquisitions; and Photographs.

This collection is made up of letters that Charles Valek wrote to Violet Goodman of Cleveland, Ohio, while serving in the United States Merchant Marine in 1919. He wrote about his leisure activities while stationed on the USS Meade in Boston Harbor and about his later assignment in Newport News, Virginia.

This collection is made up of 5 letters that Charles Valek wrote to Violet Goodman of Cleveland, Ohio, while serving in the United States Marine Corps between June and September 1919. His first 3 letters pertain to his service on the USS Meade in Boston Harbor in June and July. He explained his decision to join the merchant marines after finding it difficult to find work in Cleveland, discussed the difficulty of making friends despite meeting many different people, and commented on his leisure activities, such as attending "nudie picture shows" and a circus. Valek also stated his desire to travel to different countries. In August and September 1919, he wrote from Newport News, Virginia, eagerly anticipating his departure for a trip to Germany, though his ship remained in dry dock in early September.

Pastor of the First Methodist Church of Ann Arbor, Michigan, 1934-1944, later Methodist Episcopal Bishop of the Des Moines, Iowa area and the Chicago, Illinois area. Correspondence, newspaper clippings, and topical files, and miscellanea concerning his; and photographs.

The Brashares collection includes correspondence and topical files relating in part to his pastoral responsibilities, to his work as delegate to the 2nd Assembly of the World Council of Churches, and to his engagement with various social problems. There is some correspondence with G. Bromley Oxnam concerning his appearance before the House Committee on Un-American Activities in 1953.

Charles W. Cares, Jr. was a professor of landscape architecture in the School of Natural Resources and Environment at the University of Michigan from 1959 to 1986. He was also Director of the Nichols Arboretum from 1968 to 1986. This collection consists of landscape drawings, drafted in pencil (and occasionally colored), of residences and parks in the Ann Arbor area and select projects outside of Ann Arbor that have special significance.

This collection covers most of Cares' professional career, although it is only a reflection of his style of work, and not a comprehensive view. The drawings are mostly of residential properties, although the collection also covers a few public parks, office buildings, and other non-residential buildings. The majority of the designs are in pencil, with a select few in ink or coloring materials (which are not consistently used throughout his career.) The paper used for the drawings includes tracing paper, drafting paper, and blueprint paper.

Cares' style of drawing is very soft, since he often worked in pencil and rarely used inks or colors for his drawings. However, the complexity of his projects could range from a simple sketch to a highly detailed mapping of a landscape, with labels indicating which trees and flora were to be placed in a given location. Occasionally a list of the plants to be used at the site would be provided along with the drawing. Cares was very consistent in labeling his projects, where information was commonly placed in the lower right corner of the drawing, such as the owner's name, site name, or site address (house number, street name, town name), as well as the date of the project.

The scope of this collection includes projects that were completed in the Ann Arbor area, with the exception of projects bearing special significance (see the "Other (Non-Ann Arbor)" folder.) The drawings were not received in any discernible order. As such they have been broadly categorized by location, and there is no item level control of the drawings. The collection consists of seven oversize folders.