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Registrar of the University of Michigan. Files concerning University admissions policy, the work of the registrar as liaison between the University and secondary schools, the relationship of the University to other educational associations, and the maintenance of student records at the University; and files relating to his work with University, community, and other social organizations; also photographs.

The Ira M. Smith papers document his career as Registrar at the University of Michigan, his reform of the admissions process, his involvement in general university affairs, and activities with various community organizations. The collection has largely been retained in its original order. Groups of files were given series title. These are Biographical materials, Correspondence; University of Michigan; Community Activities, and Photographs. The great bulk of the collection relates to University of Michigan affairs and to his community involvements.

Birmingham, Michigan, businesswoman, Democratic Regent of the University of Michigan; contain materials relating to her life and interest in the Philippines, especially during the administration of Frank Murphy, during World War II, and during the presidency of Ferdinand Marcos; papers relating to her interest in University of Michigan history; and photographs.

The Irene Murphy collections has been arranged into the following series: Correspondence; Murphy family; University of Michigan Board of Regents; Philippines interests and activities; Other topics; Scrapbooks and clippings; Sound recording; and Photographs.

The collection includes two journals kept by Isaac Robson while traveling as a Quaker minister. One records his observations while touring France and Italy in 1864 to visit Quakers, Vaudois, and Protestants, and the other documents his trip to Canada and the United States from 1870 to 1871 to attend Quaker meetings. Seven letters, principally written by Isaac Robson to his wife Sarah while he was in America, are at the end of the collection.

The collection includes two journals kept by Isaac Robson while traveling as a Quaker minister. One records his observations while touring France and Italy in 1864 to visit with Quakers, Vaudois, and Protestants, and the other documents his trip to Canada and the United States from 1870 to 1871 to attend Quaker meetings. Seven letters, principally written by Isaac Robson to his wife Sarah while he was in America, are at the end of the collection.

The journal Isaac Robson kept while in France and Italy spans from August 20, 1864, to November 11, 1864. Robson traveled through Southern France and Italy as a Quaker minister with his colleague Charles Fox of Falmouth, visiting Quakers and attending to Vaudois (Waldenses) and Protestant congregations. Robson commented on Catholics, priests, Protestants and anti-Protestant prejudice, and general religious practice and feeling throughout the region. He distributed religious tracts and observed local customs, reflecting on labor, education, and good will engendered by the prior visit of Quaker minister William Forster. This journal includes both original manuscript writings and carbon copies in different hands, with some variance in content.

Robson's American journal is a carbon copy, beginning as he boarded the Java in May 1870, headed to New York for a tour of Canadian and American Quaker meetings, and ending upon his arrival in Philadelphia at the end of March 1871. Robson's itinerary took him through New England, portions of Southern Canada, several mid-Western states, including Ohio, Indiana, and Iowa, and the border states of Maryland, Virginia, North Carolina, Tennessee, and Arkansas. Robson's principal object was to visit Quaker meetings, attending both isolated local meetings and larger Yearly Meetings. He frequently visited Friends' schools and commented extensively on local Quakers' lifestyles, labor, and religious practices. Robson visited with Wilburite and Hicksite meetings and reflected on the persisting schisms in American Quakerism.

While passing through Canada, Robson described frontier communities, Canadian attitudes toward England and the United States, and social and religious practices. He included three small drawings of a "shanty," a "Log house," and a "Frame house" to illustrate dwellings in southern Ontario (page 33). In the United States, Robson's interest in social matters drew his attention to African Americans, Native Americans, women, religious revivalism, schools, and penitentiary systems.

Robson commented on his encounters with African Americans and Quakers' interactions with them throughout his tour. He regularly wrote about African American religion, education, labor, and changing relationships in the South between planters and those they formerly enslaved. While in Arkansas, he visited with Friends Calvin and Alida Clark, and he discussed their work with African Americans at the Southland College and the white community's hostile reactions to them (pages 119-122). Throughout his journal Robson also noted the lasting physical, social, and economic impacts of the Civil War.

Robson mentioned information about the Quaker's Indian Affairs Committee and other Quaker involvement with Native Americans (pages 89 and 22), and he also wrote passing details relating to North American Indians in general. He included a sketch of Pilot Mountain, North Carolina, "so called from its having been used as a guiding mark by the Indians" (page 100). While in Iowa, Robson visited Lawrie Tatum (1822-1900), a Quaker Indian agent to the Kiowa and Comanche at Fort Sill, and he recorded some of Tatum's reflections on Native American civilization, religion, and morality (pages 55, 129, 131).

Other notable figures encountered or discussed by Robson include: Clinton B. Fisk (1828-1890) of the Freedmen's Bureau (page 6); John Parker Hale (1806-1873), U.S. minister to Spain (page 7); Joseph Gould (1808-1886), Canadian political figure (page 39); Anna Dickinson (1842-1932), orator, abolitionist, and women's rights advocate (page 157); William Forster (1784-1854), British Quaker abolitionist buried in Tennessee (pages 79, 112, 117, 140); George Dixon and Alfred Jones, superintendents of a Freedmen school in Danville, Virginia (pages 96, 98); Yardley Warner (1815-1885), Quaker who founded Warnersville, a free black community (pages 98, 113); and Daniel Drew, a former slave who attended the Southland Institute and became a Quaker minister in Arkansas (pages 119-121).

The loose correspondence consists of seven letters, six written from Isaac Robson to his wife Sarah Robson during his American tour, 1870-1871, with reflections on Reconstruction, Quaker meetings, prisons, and other topics. One letter from William Harvey to Joshua Wheeler Robson written from Leeds, England, in 1885 mentions financial charity for immigrant Mennonites.

Ann Arbor, Michigan, photography firm. Photonegatives, and some photoprints, of images largely relating to Ann Arbor and the University of Michigan, but including Ypsilanti and other Michigan cities: buildings, businesses, houses, street scenes, community activities, and organizations; also photos of automobiles, storm damage, etc. taken to support insurance claims.

The Ivory Photo collection consists of an impressive array of negatives and prints taken by Ann Arbor photographer Mel Ivory from the 1920s to the early 1970s. Most of the photographs were taken by Ivory for customers, whether the University of Michigan, local businesses, or private citizens. The collection is probably most valuable for its extensive documentation of Ann Arbor and the University of Michigan, the two areas in which it bulks largest. However, because it spans a relatively long time period, the collection is also useful for illustrating changes in photography as an art and as a business, and for documenting social trends in twentieth-century America. Finally, the collection documents the career of a commercial photographer.

As a photographer for the University of Michigan in the 1920s and 1930s, Ivory took the standard pictures of campus events, buildings, and people, but the value of many photographs from this period is as much aesthetic as informational. Producing cover art for the Michigan Alumnus allowed him to experiment with unusual angles, lighting, and subject matter. (See, for example, photographs of the Clements Library and of students strolling through the Diag in the 1930s.) In stark contrast to these images is a large group of photographs of car wrecks that Ivory took for insurance companies between 1937 and 1969.

Besides providing thorough documentation of the physical plant of the University of Michigan, the Ivory collection evokes the flavor of life on campus in the 1930s and 1940s through photographs of football games and crowds, dance bands, social events, professors at work in laboratories, the Michigan Daily staff at work, and students in classrooms, libraries, and dormitories.

The Ann Arbor subseries includes numerous photographs of houses and businesses, filed by address to facilitate research into a particular building or site, as well as a rich assortment of photographs depicting life in Ann Arbor through more than four decades. There are numerous photographs of men and women at work in factories, stores, and other settings. Some show women at work in unusual settings (as cab drivers for Ace Cab Company, for example) while others depict women in stereotypically female occupations (as secretaries, store clerks, and ditto machine operators). Photographs of drug and department store display windows and of products in grocery stores illustrate trends in merchandising.

The Ivory collection is also remarkable for its documentation of social mores. Wedding photographs taken from the 1930s to the 1960s depict a variety of settings, fashions, wedding rituals, and even fads, such as a 1940 wedding at a roller rink. There is also a small group of photographs of funerals and an extensive series of portraits of children, families, and individuals.

Photographs of a depression-era hobo cooking near a railroad car, of lawn parties and country clubs, of the soap box derby and sports teams reflect diverse aspects of life in Ann Arbor. The home front during World War II is documented in views of an aluminum drive, a blitzkrieg game in a local tavern, a commuter bus with a female conductor, and the Judge Advocate General's school exercises in the Law Quad.

Although the Ypsilanti subseries is considerably smaller than the Ann Arbor and University of Michigan subseries, it contains a number of valuable photographs, such as the Cleary College photographs showing rows of students at typewriters, students relaxing on boarding house steps and in Cleary lounges and recreation rooms, and annual graduation processions. The Washtenaw County subseries contains rural scenes such as farms, country roads, and a county fair. The remaining subseries consist of businesses, street scenes, railroad stations, and a variety of other photographs representing Michigan towns and counties.

A few copy negatives made by Ivory from existing photographs are scattered throughout the collection. A late nineteenth or early twentieth-century anatomy lesson in the Medical School, for example, is filed in the "Colleges, Schools, and other Divisions" section of University of Michigan 5"x7" negatives.

The contents of the various subseries and sub-subseries are for the most part self-evident, but a few words of explanation about the Ann Arbor subseries are in order. "Buildings and Views" consists largely of exterior views of buildings. However, there are many interior scenes of people and activities in the "Churches," "Hospitals," and "Schools" sections. For example, photographs of Ann Arbor churches include views of the pastor and congregation, choirs, recreation rooms, meetings, and athletic teams in addition to interior and exterior views of the buildings. "Schools" contains photographs of sports teams, classroom scenes, social events, and buildings representing Ann Arbor public and parochial schools, but also Ann Arbor Secretarial School and Concordia College.

Researchers seeking images of commercial enterprises will find material in the "Buildings and Views" sub-subseries (listed under the street address in the "Houses and Businesses" section) and in the "Businesses" sub-subseries (under the name of the enterprise).

The "Houses and Businesses" negatives within the "Buildings and Views" sub-subseries are arranged alphabetically by street name and then numerically by address. Most of these photographs are exterior views, but interior scenes of businesses have been filed here in order to keep exterior and interior views of a particular business together. Photographs of products, equipment, people at work, and special events are filed in the "Businesses" sub-subseries when no building exteriors exist or when the address of the business was unknown. Researchers should look both places for photographs of businesses. Although some "see also" references have been added, they are by no means exhaustive. Researchers may also wish to examine the "Motor Vehicles" sub-subseries, which contains photographs of trucks owned by Ann Arbor businesses.

In the University of Michigan subseries, "Buildings and Views" consists of exterior and interior views of buildings, whereas "Colleges, Schools, and Other Divisions" contains photographs of professors and students in laboratories and classrooms as well as group photographs of staff and students.

In 1858 James Thompson filled this blank book with notes about the plumbing and water system in the Flass House in Cumbria County, England, which was being constructed circa 1848-1861 by Lancelot and Wilkinson Dent. Thompson wrote about pipes, taps, cisterns and reservoirs, boilers, drains, hard and soft water, hot and cold water, and more. It indicates the use of plumbing, the location of pipes and how they connected to other plumbing equipment, and types of water access in interior spaces including sculleries, bathrooms, water closets, washstands, and butler's pantries. Thompson also noted pipes feeding exterior water supplies like for the cattle's trough, the conservatory, and fountain. Thompson included several pen-and-ink sketches of floorplans and maps of the property to illustrate the location of pipes, as well as a pencil sketch of the house's façade.

In 1858 James Thompson filled this blank book with notes about the plumbing and water system in the Flass House in Cumbria County, England, which was being constructed circa 1848-1861 by Lancelot and Wilkinson Dent. Thompson wrote about pipes, taps, cisterns and reservoirs, boilers, drains, hard and soft water, hot and cold water, and more. It indicates the use of plumbing, the location of pipes and how they connected to other plumbing equipment, and types of water access in interior spaces including sculleries, bathrooms, water closets, washstands, and butler's pantries. Thompson also noted pipes feeding exterior water supplies like for the cattle's trough, the conservatory, and fountain. Thompson included several pen-and-ink sketches of floorplans and maps of the property to illustrate the location of pipes, as well as a pencil sketch of the house's façade.

The volume has a green printed cover with an image of a man and woman standing beside each other in an interior space, labelled "The Squire and his Servant." Various "Arithmetical Tables" are printed on the back cover, including a multiplication table and various conversion tables.

In 1858 James Thompson filled this blank book with notes about the plumbing and water system in the Flass House in Cumbria County, England, which was being constructed circa 1848-1861 by Lancelot and Wilkinson Dent. Thompson wrote about pipes, taps, cisterns and reservoirs, boilers, drains, hard and soft water, hot and cold water, and more. It indicates the use of plumbing, the location of pipes and how they connected to other plumbing equipment, and types of water access in interior spaces including sculleries, bathrooms, water closets, washstands, and butler's pantries. Thompson also noted pipes feeding exterior water supplies like for the cattle's trough, the conservatory, and fountain. Thompson included several pen-and-ink sketches of floorplans and maps of the property to illustrate the location of pipes, as well as a pencil sketch of the house's façade.

In 1858 James Thompson filled this blank book with notes about the plumbing and water system in the Flass House in Cumbria County, England, which was being constructed circa 1848-1861 by Lancelot and Wilkinson Dent. Thompson wrote about pipes, taps, cisterns and reservoirs, boilers, drains, hard and soft water, hot and cold water, and more. It indicates the use of plumbing, the location of pipes and how they connected to other plumbing equipment, and types of water access in interior spaces including sculleries, bathrooms, water closets, washstands, and butler's pantries. Thompson also noted pipes feeding exterior water supplies like for the cattle's trough, the conservatory, and fountain. Thompson included several pen-and-ink sketches of floorplans and maps of the property to illustrate the location of pipes, as well as a pencil sketch of the house's façade.

The volume has a green printed cover with an image of a man and woman standing beside each other in an interior space, labelled "The Squire and his Servant." Various "Arithmetical Tables" are printed on the back cover, including a multiplication table and various conversion tables.

J. Cummer & Son was a Cadillac, Michigan, lumber manufacturing company. Consists of views (by B. D. Jackson) of Cadillac and of the different Cummer business enterprises: J. Cummer & Son, lumber manufacturers, Cummer Lumber Co., lumber manufacturers, Cummer & Gerrish, planing mill, and Wellington W. Cummer, saw mill.

The collection consists of views (by B. D. Jackson) of Cadillac and of the different Cummer business enterprises: J. Cummer & Son, lumber manufacturers, Cummer Lumber Co., lumber manufacturers, Cummer & Gerrish, planing mill, and Wellington W. Cummer, saw mill.

Executive director of the Detroit Urban League. Correspondence, scrapbook, photographs, and miscellanea concerning personal matters, the work of the Urban League, and the concerns of the black community of Detroit.

The collection consists of personal correspondence, a scrapbook documenting in part his career as executive director of the Detroit Urban League, and scattered photographs. There is also the transcript of an oral history interview of John Dancy made in 1964.

John Harris Forster was a geologist, engineer, surveyor, farmer, and chronicler of life in the Americas in the mid-19th century. As he traveled about North and South America, surveying boundaries, inspecting copper mines, mining gold with the California Forty-Niners, or raising hogs, Forster wrote of his experiences in his journals and used them and his acute memory to describe his travels to family, friends, and an interested public. His journals, correspondence, and speeches are a rich source of social history and geographical and architectural information on life in the areas in which he traveled, including the Great Lakes (Michigan and Wisconsin), Far West, and Central and South America. Forster's papers are of considerable interest for their detailed descriptions of the culture and lifestyle of the native populations he encountered, the terrain and climate of the areas in which he camped and surveyed, and the hardships of life in unsettled or recently settled areas.

The John Harris Forster papers are arranged in seven series. Correspondence primarily contains letters written by Forster to various family members, and is arranged chronologically by year. The Thomas Forster series contains materials of John's father, chiefly correspondence and documents pertaining to family and financial matters. Journals and Manuscripts is arranged by year, with titles provided on the contents list. Scrapbook Materials consist of clippings from various newspapers (most of which are unidentified). Forster evidently was a journalist correspondent for these papers, and his columns seem to be excerpts from his journals, with slight modification. His Speeches and Addresses to various Michigan organizations also are based to a large extent on his journals, but there are exceptions, such as the very interesting one detailing life as a Swine-herd in California. Miscellaneous consists mostly of biographical materials and financial documents. Photographs includes portraits and view of the family farm near Williamston, Michigan. For related materials on Forster, including biographical clippings, correspondence to his wife, family documents, and other Forster writings, the researcher should consult the Mullett Family Papers.

Sault Ste. Marie, Michigan, family. Correspondence, photographs, and other papers of John Johnston, fur trader, son John McDouall Johnston, Indian interpreter for Henry R. Schoolcraft, and other family members; including letters containing impressions of Indian life and historical materials concerning Indian grammar and folklore, and the history of the Sault Ste. Marie, Michigan, region. Includes letter, Jan. 24, 1822, from John Johnston to Lewis Cass discussing Indian affairs.

The Johnston family papers contains approximately seven inches of correspondence, writings, clippings, and photographs. The collection falls into three series: Johnston family papers, Collected historical and Indian materials, and Photographs.